Carriage of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria on Frequently Contacted Surfaces and Hands of Health Care Workers
Introduction: Maximal contact between the patients and Health Care Workers (HCWs) happens in the Intensive Care Units (ICU). Control of nosocomial infections requires compliance with hand hygiene and contamination free surfaces. Aim: To determine the colonization of potential pathogens in the h...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2016-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/7772/19692_CE(Ra1)_F(GH)_PF1(RSAK)_PFA(AK)_PF2(PAG).pdf |
| Summary: | Introduction: Maximal contact between the patients and Health
Care Workers (HCWs) happens in the Intensive Care Units (ICU).
Control of nosocomial infections requires compliance with hand
hygiene and contamination free surfaces.
Aim: To determine the colonization of potential pathogens in
the hands of HCWs and frequent contacted environmental
surfaces.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was
conducted between September 2012 and May 2013 at Sri
Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital. A total of 327
samples were collected using Glove juice technique from
hands and swabs from frequently contacted surfaces. A sum
of 157 samples were collected by glove juice technique from
the hands of HCWs which included Consultants (20), Internees
(3), Residents (10), Staff nurse (102) and support staff (22). A
total of 170 samples were collected through swabbing which
included frequently touched surfaces of apron and dress (140
which included 10 consultants, 3 internees, 9 Residents, 101
Staff nurse and 17 support staff), 9 door handle, 4 key board, 12
tap handles and 5 monitors. The samples were inoculated into
Blood agar, Chocolate agar and Mac-Conkey agar plates and
incubated at 370
C aerobically. The plates showing growth were
further processed to identify the organisms by Gram staining
and biochemical reactions. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was
done for the isolates by Kirby-baur disc diffusion method as per
CLSI guidelines.
Results: Out of the 157 hand sampling done by glove juice
method 67(42.7%) of them showed growth and 90(57.3%)
showed no growth. The potential pathogens grown were 13
(8.3%), consisting of Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
(MSSA) 6(3.8%), Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) 2(1.3%), Pseudomonas spp 4(2.6%) and Acenitobacter
spp 1 (0.6%). The MRSA was seen in Consultant 1(5%; n=20)
and Staff nurse 1(0.9%; n= 102). Among the 140 sampling
from the dress of HCWs growth was observed in 69(49.3%)
and growth was absent in 71(50.7%). The potential pathogens
observed were 14(10%) and they are MSSA 5(3.6%), MRSA 1
(0.7%), Pseudomonas spp 2(1.4%), Acenitobacter spp 3(2.1%)
Enterobacter spp 1(0.7%), Klebseilla pneumoniae 1(0.7%)
and Candida spp 1(0.7%). One MRSA was isolated from staff
nurse (0.9%; n=101). Similarly multi-drug resistant Klebsiella
pneumoniae 1(0.9%; n=102). Out of the 30 environmental
samples 16(53.3%) showed growth and in 14(56.7%) growth
was absent. The potential pathogens isolated were 3(10%)
which included MSSA 2(6.6%) and MRSA 1(3.4%) and were
isolated from the monitor.
Conclusion: Adherence to infection control practices among
all categories of HCWs is must for control of HAI. Glove
juice method is a simple, easy and practical technique for
determination of colonization of hands of HCWs and can be
adapted as a methodology for screening the hands of HCWs. |
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| ISSN: | 2249-782X 0973-709X |