Assessment of agricultural drought in Iraq employing Landsat and MODIS imagery
Climate change poses an urgent global challenge in water resource management, with drought emerging as a pervasive threat worldwide. Over the past two decades, Iraq has faced severe droughts, categorized into meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomic types. Agricultural drought,...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Open Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0583 |
| _version_ | 1797266220037177344 |
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| author | Hatem Israa Alwan Imzahim A. Ziboon Abdul Razzak T. Kuriqi Alban |
| author_facet | Hatem Israa Alwan Imzahim A. Ziboon Abdul Razzak T. Kuriqi Alban |
| author_sort | Hatem Israa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate change poses an urgent global challenge in water resource management, with drought emerging as a pervasive threat worldwide. Over the past two decades, Iraq has faced severe droughts, categorized into meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomic types. Agricultural drought, marked by prolonged soil moisture deficits due to insufficient rainfall, often leads to crop failures. This comprehensive study delves into the impact of drought on Iraq’s vegetation cover from 2000 to 2022, utilizing advanced tools like remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) facilitated the creation of multitemporal drought maps. Employing Landsat satellite imagery and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation indices, the study revealed 2000, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2022 as the most drought-prone years. In specific years such as 2000, 2008, 2010, and 2009, Landsat imagery showcased the lowest vegetation cover percentages (3.356, 4.984, 5.112, and 5.409%, respectively), while MODIS data indicated the lowest percentages in 2008, 2000, 2009, 2012, and 2022 (11.122, 11.260, 12.580, 13.026, and 14.445%, respectively). This study underscores the pivotal role of RS, particularly NDVI, as a valuable tool for agricultural drought early warning systems. The findings highlight the effectiveness of NDVI as a simple and cost-efficient index for monitoring changes in vegetation conditions and assessing the impact of droughts on agriculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:57:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7af0efbbf852411fa63974a6acf5ed85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2391-5439 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:57:13Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-7af0efbbf852411fa63974a6acf5ed852024-03-11T10:04:19ZengDe GruyterOpen Engineering2391-54392024-03-011414031410.1515/eng-2022-0583Assessment of agricultural drought in Iraq employing Landsat and MODIS imageryHatem Israa0Alwan Imzahim A.1Ziboon Abdul Razzak T.2Kuriqi Alban3Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, IraqCivil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, IraqDepartment of Construction Engineering and Project Management, Al-Esraa University, Baghdad, IraqCERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. RoviscoPais 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, PortugalClimate change poses an urgent global challenge in water resource management, with drought emerging as a pervasive threat worldwide. Over the past two decades, Iraq has faced severe droughts, categorized into meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomic types. Agricultural drought, marked by prolonged soil moisture deficits due to insufficient rainfall, often leads to crop failures. This comprehensive study delves into the impact of drought on Iraq’s vegetation cover from 2000 to 2022, utilizing advanced tools like remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) facilitated the creation of multitemporal drought maps. Employing Landsat satellite imagery and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation indices, the study revealed 2000, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2022 as the most drought-prone years. In specific years such as 2000, 2008, 2010, and 2009, Landsat imagery showcased the lowest vegetation cover percentages (3.356, 4.984, 5.112, and 5.409%, respectively), while MODIS data indicated the lowest percentages in 2008, 2000, 2009, 2012, and 2022 (11.122, 11.260, 12.580, 13.026, and 14.445%, respectively). This study underscores the pivotal role of RS, particularly NDVI, as a valuable tool for agricultural drought early warning systems. The findings highlight the effectiveness of NDVI as a simple and cost-efficient index for monitoring changes in vegetation conditions and assessing the impact of droughts on agriculture.https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0583climate changendviremote sensingvegetationwater scarcity |
| spellingShingle | Hatem Israa Alwan Imzahim A. Ziboon Abdul Razzak T. Kuriqi Alban Assessment of agricultural drought in Iraq employing Landsat and MODIS imagery Open Engineering climate change ndvi remote sensing vegetation water scarcity |
| title | Assessment of agricultural drought in Iraq employing Landsat and MODIS imagery |
| title_full | Assessment of agricultural drought in Iraq employing Landsat and MODIS imagery |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of agricultural drought in Iraq employing Landsat and MODIS imagery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of agricultural drought in Iraq employing Landsat and MODIS imagery |
| title_short | Assessment of agricultural drought in Iraq employing Landsat and MODIS imagery |
| title_sort | assessment of agricultural drought in iraq employing landsat and modis imagery |
| topic | climate change ndvi remote sensing vegetation water scarcity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0583 |
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