Bioactive Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Based on 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and Gelatin Intertwined with Alginate and Dopped with Apatite as Scaffolding Biomaterials
Our goal was to create bioimitated scaffolding materials for biomedical purposes. The guiding idea was that we used an interpenetrating structural hierarchy of natural extracellular matrix as a “pattern” to design hydrogel scaffolds that show favorable properties for tissue regeneration. Polymeric h...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/15/3112 |
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| author | Marija M. Babić Radić Vuk V. Filipović Jovana S. Vuković Marija Vukomanović Marina Rubert Sandra Hofmann Ralph Müller Simonida Lj. Tomić |
| author_facet | Marija M. Babić Radić Vuk V. Filipović Jovana S. Vuković Marija Vukomanović Marina Rubert Sandra Hofmann Ralph Müller Simonida Lj. Tomić |
| author_sort | Marija M. Babić Radić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Our goal was to create bioimitated scaffolding materials for biomedical purposes. The guiding idea was that we used an interpenetrating structural hierarchy of natural extracellular matrix as a “pattern” to design hydrogel scaffolds that show favorable properties for tissue regeneration. Polymeric hydrogel scaffolds are made in a simple, environmentally friendly way without additional functionalization. Gelatin and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate were selected to prepare interpenetrating polymeric networks and linear alginate chains were added as an interpenetrant to study their influence on the scaffold’s functionalities. Cryogelation and porogenation methods were used to obtain the designed scaffolding biomaterials. The scaffold’s structural, morphological, and mechanical properties, in vitro degradation, and cell viability properties were assessed to study the effects of the preparation method and alginate loading. Apatite as an inorganic agent was incorporated into cryogelated scaffolds to perform an extensive biological assay. Cryogelated scaffolds possess superior functionalities essential for tissue regeneration: fully hydrophilicity, degradability and mechanical features (2.08–9.75 MPa), and an optimal LDH activity. Furthermore, cryogelated scaffolds loaded with apatite showed good cell adhesion capacity, biocompatibility, and non-toxic behavior. All scaffolds performed equally in terms of metabolic activity and osteoconductivity. Cryogelated scaffolds with/without HAp could represent a new advance to promote osteoconductivity and enhance hard tissue repair. The obtained series of scaffolding biomaterials described here can provide a wide range of potential applications in the area of biomedical engineering. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:04:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7af4b5857b20480e92ee682b45c789de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:04:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-7af4b5857b20480e92ee682b45c789de2023-12-03T12:56:40ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-07-011415311210.3390/polym14153112Bioactive Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Based on 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and Gelatin Intertwined with Alginate and Dopped with Apatite as Scaffolding BiomaterialsMarija M. Babić Radić0Vuk V. Filipović1Jovana S. Vuković2Marija Vukomanović3Marina Rubert4Sandra Hofmann5Ralph Müller6Simonida Lj. Tomić7University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity of Belgrade, Institute for Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoseva 12, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaJožef Stefan Institute, Advanced Materials Department, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaInstitute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, SwitzerlandUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaOur goal was to create bioimitated scaffolding materials for biomedical purposes. The guiding idea was that we used an interpenetrating structural hierarchy of natural extracellular matrix as a “pattern” to design hydrogel scaffolds that show favorable properties for tissue regeneration. Polymeric hydrogel scaffolds are made in a simple, environmentally friendly way without additional functionalization. Gelatin and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate were selected to prepare interpenetrating polymeric networks and linear alginate chains were added as an interpenetrant to study their influence on the scaffold’s functionalities. Cryogelation and porogenation methods were used to obtain the designed scaffolding biomaterials. The scaffold’s structural, morphological, and mechanical properties, in vitro degradation, and cell viability properties were assessed to study the effects of the preparation method and alginate loading. Apatite as an inorganic agent was incorporated into cryogelated scaffolds to perform an extensive biological assay. Cryogelated scaffolds possess superior functionalities essential for tissue regeneration: fully hydrophilicity, degradability and mechanical features (2.08–9.75 MPa), and an optimal LDH activity. Furthermore, cryogelated scaffolds loaded with apatite showed good cell adhesion capacity, biocompatibility, and non-toxic behavior. All scaffolds performed equally in terms of metabolic activity and osteoconductivity. Cryogelated scaffolds with/without HAp could represent a new advance to promote osteoconductivity and enhance hard tissue repair. The obtained series of scaffolding biomaterials described here can provide a wide range of potential applications in the area of biomedical engineering.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/15/31122-hydroxyethyl methacrylategelatinalginatehydroxyapatitehydrogel scaffolding biomaterialsbiocompatibility |
| spellingShingle | Marija M. Babić Radić Vuk V. Filipović Jovana S. Vuković Marija Vukomanović Marina Rubert Sandra Hofmann Ralph Müller Simonida Lj. Tomić Bioactive Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Based on 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and Gelatin Intertwined with Alginate and Dopped with Apatite as Scaffolding Biomaterials Polymers 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate gelatin alginate hydroxyapatite hydrogel scaffolding biomaterials biocompatibility |
| title | Bioactive Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Based on 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and Gelatin Intertwined with Alginate and Dopped with Apatite as Scaffolding Biomaterials |
| title_full | Bioactive Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Based on 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and Gelatin Intertwined with Alginate and Dopped with Apatite as Scaffolding Biomaterials |
| title_fullStr | Bioactive Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Based on 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and Gelatin Intertwined with Alginate and Dopped with Apatite as Scaffolding Biomaterials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioactive Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Based on 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and Gelatin Intertwined with Alginate and Dopped with Apatite as Scaffolding Biomaterials |
| title_short | Bioactive Interpenetrating Hydrogel Networks Based on 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and Gelatin Intertwined with Alginate and Dopped with Apatite as Scaffolding Biomaterials |
| title_sort | bioactive interpenetrating hydrogel networks based on 2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate and gelatin intertwined with alginate and dopped with apatite as scaffolding biomaterials |
| topic | 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate gelatin alginate hydroxyapatite hydrogel scaffolding biomaterials biocompatibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/15/3112 |
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