The Luminosity Phase Space of Galactic and Extragalactic X-Ray Transients Out to Intermediate Redshifts
We present a detailed compilation and analysis of the X-ray phase space of low- to intermediate-redshift (0 ≤ z ≤ 1) transients that consolidates observed light curves (and theory where necessary) for a large variety of classes of transient/variable phenomena in the 0.3–10 keV energy band. We includ...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acf765 |
| _version_ | 1797353889064812544 |
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| author | Ava Polzin Raffaella Margutti Deanne L. Coppejans Katie Auchettl Kim L. Page Georgios Vasilopoulos Joe S. Bright Paolo Esposito Peter K. G. Williams Koji Mukai Edo Berger |
| author_facet | Ava Polzin Raffaella Margutti Deanne L. Coppejans Katie Auchettl Kim L. Page Georgios Vasilopoulos Joe S. Bright Paolo Esposito Peter K. G. Williams Koji Mukai Edo Berger |
| author_sort | Ava Polzin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present a detailed compilation and analysis of the X-ray phase space of low- to intermediate-redshift (0 ≤ z ≤ 1) transients that consolidates observed light curves (and theory where necessary) for a large variety of classes of transient/variable phenomena in the 0.3–10 keV energy band. We include gamma-ray burst afterglows, supernovae, supernova shock breakouts and shocks interacting with the environment, tidal disruption events and active galactic nuclei, fast blue optical transients, cataclysmic variables, magnetar flares/outbursts and fast radio bursts, cool stellar flares, X-ray binary outbursts, and ultraluminous X-ray sources. Our overarching goal is to offer a comprehensive resource for the examination of these ephemeral events, extending the X-ray duration–luminosity phase space (DLPS) to show luminosity evolution. We use existing observations (both targeted and serendipitous) to characterize the behavior of various transient/variable populations. Contextualizing transient signals in the larger DLPS serves two primary purposes: to identify areas of interest (i.e., regions in the parameter space where one would expect detections, but in which observations have historically been lacking), and to provide initial qualitative guidance in classifying newly discovered transient signals. We find that while the most luminous (largely extragalactic) and least luminous (largely Galactic) part of the phase space is well populated at t > 0.1 days, intermediate-luminosity phenomena ( L _X = 10 ^34 –10 ^42 erg s ^−1 ) represent a gap in the phase space. We thus identify L _X = 10 ^34 –10 ^42 erg s ^−1 and t = 10 ^−4 to 0.1 days as a key discovery phase space in transient X-ray astronomy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:37:26Z |
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| id | doaj.art-7af8d65a387b41ee8edaa6d7af8db53b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:37:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-7af8d65a387b41ee8edaa6d7af8db53b2024-01-16T14:39:11ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0195927510.3847/1538-4357/acf765The Luminosity Phase Space of Galactic and Extragalactic X-Ray Transients Out to Intermediate RedshiftsAva Polzin0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5283-933XRaffaella Margutti1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4768-7586Deanne L. Coppejans2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5126-6237Katie Auchettl3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4449-9152Kim L. Page4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5624-2613Georgios Vasilopoulos5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3902-3915Joe S. Bright6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7735-5796Paolo Esposito7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-5092Peter K. G. Williams8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3734-3587Koji Mukai9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8286-8094Edo Berger10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9681Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA ; apolzin@uchicago.eduDepartment of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USADepartment of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Physics & Astronomy and Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USASchool of Physics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), Australia; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USASchool of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester , Leicester LE1 7RH, UKUniversité de Strasbourg , CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , University Campus Zografos, GR 15784, Athens, Greece; Institute of Accelerating Systems & Applications, University Campus Zografos, Athens, GreeceAstrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UKScuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia , Palazzo del Broletto, piazza della Vittoria 15, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; INAF—Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano , Via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, ItalyCenter for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-1516, USA; American Astronomical Society , 1667 K Street NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20006, USACRESST II and X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Department of Physics, University of Maryland , Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USACenter for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-1516, USAWe present a detailed compilation and analysis of the X-ray phase space of low- to intermediate-redshift (0 ≤ z ≤ 1) transients that consolidates observed light curves (and theory where necessary) for a large variety of classes of transient/variable phenomena in the 0.3–10 keV energy band. We include gamma-ray burst afterglows, supernovae, supernova shock breakouts and shocks interacting with the environment, tidal disruption events and active galactic nuclei, fast blue optical transients, cataclysmic variables, magnetar flares/outbursts and fast radio bursts, cool stellar flares, X-ray binary outbursts, and ultraluminous X-ray sources. Our overarching goal is to offer a comprehensive resource for the examination of these ephemeral events, extending the X-ray duration–luminosity phase space (DLPS) to show luminosity evolution. We use existing observations (both targeted and serendipitous) to characterize the behavior of various transient/variable populations. Contextualizing transient signals in the larger DLPS serves two primary purposes: to identify areas of interest (i.e., regions in the parameter space where one would expect detections, but in which observations have historically been lacking), and to provide initial qualitative guidance in classifying newly discovered transient signals. We find that while the most luminous (largely extragalactic) and least luminous (largely Galactic) part of the phase space is well populated at t > 0.1 days, intermediate-luminosity phenomena ( L _X = 10 ^34 –10 ^42 erg s ^−1 ) represent a gap in the phase space. We thus identify L _X = 10 ^34 –10 ^42 erg s ^−1 and t = 10 ^−4 to 0.1 days as a key discovery phase space in transient X-ray astronomy.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acf765X-ray astronomyX-ray telescopesX-ray transient sourcesHigh energy astrophysicsTransient sourcesTime domain astronomy |
| spellingShingle | Ava Polzin Raffaella Margutti Deanne L. Coppejans Katie Auchettl Kim L. Page Georgios Vasilopoulos Joe S. Bright Paolo Esposito Peter K. G. Williams Koji Mukai Edo Berger The Luminosity Phase Space of Galactic and Extragalactic X-Ray Transients Out to Intermediate Redshifts The Astrophysical Journal X-ray astronomy X-ray telescopes X-ray transient sources High energy astrophysics Transient sources Time domain astronomy |
| title | The Luminosity Phase Space of Galactic and Extragalactic X-Ray Transients Out to Intermediate Redshifts |
| title_full | The Luminosity Phase Space of Galactic and Extragalactic X-Ray Transients Out to Intermediate Redshifts |
| title_fullStr | The Luminosity Phase Space of Galactic and Extragalactic X-Ray Transients Out to Intermediate Redshifts |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Luminosity Phase Space of Galactic and Extragalactic X-Ray Transients Out to Intermediate Redshifts |
| title_short | The Luminosity Phase Space of Galactic and Extragalactic X-Ray Transients Out to Intermediate Redshifts |
| title_sort | luminosity phase space of galactic and extragalactic x ray transients out to intermediate redshifts |
| topic | X-ray astronomy X-ray telescopes X-ray transient sources High energy astrophysics Transient sources Time domain astronomy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acf765 |
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