Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress
Chilling stress greatly inhibited the seed germination, plant growth, development and productivity in this study. The current research aimed to study the effects of different polyamine (PA) inhibitor combinations (Co), e.g., D-arginine (D-Arg), difluoromethylormithine (DFMO), aminoguanidine (Ag) and...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2421 |
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| author | Canhong Gao Mohamed S. Sheteiwy Chen Lin Yajing Guan Zaid Ulhassan Jin Hu |
| author_facet | Canhong Gao Mohamed S. Sheteiwy Chen Lin Yajing Guan Zaid Ulhassan Jin Hu |
| author_sort | Canhong Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chilling stress greatly inhibited the seed germination, plant growth, development and productivity in this study. The current research aimed to study the effects of different polyamine (PA) inhibitor combinations (Co), e.g., D-arginine (D-Arg), difluoromethylormithine (DFMO), aminoguanidine (Ag) and methylglyoxyl–bis-(guanyhydrazone) (MGBG) at different doses, i.e., 10 µM Co, 100 µM Co, 500 µM Co, 1000 µM Co and 1000 µM Co + 1 mM Spd (Spermidine) in two inbred lines of maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), i.e., Mo17 and Huang C, a sensitive and tolerant chilling stress, respectively. The combination treatments of PA inhibitors reduced the biosynthesis of putrescine (Put) in the tissues of both studied inbred lines. Application with 500 µM Co and 1000 µM Co did not result in a significant difference in Put concentrations, except in the coleoptile of Mo17. However, combining Spd to 1000 μM of PA inhibitors enhanced the Put, Spd, spermine (Spm) and total PAs in the roots, coleoptile and mesocotyls. Put and total PAs were increased by 39.7% and 30.54%, respectively, when Spd + 1000 µM Co were applied relative to their controls. Chilling stress and PA inhibitors treatments affected both inbred lines and resulted in differences in the PA contents. Results showed that enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of PAs (ornithine decarboxylase as ODC and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase as SAMDC) were significantly downregulated by 1000 µM Co in the tissues of both inbred lines. In contrast, the activity of PAO, a Pas degradation enzyme, was significantly improved by 1000 µM Co under chilling stress. However, Spd + 1000 µM Co significantly improved the activities of ODC and SAMDC and their transcript levels (<i>ODC</i> and <i>SAMDC2</i>). While it significantly downregulated the PAO activity and their relative genes (<i>PAO1</i>, <i>PAO2</i> and <i>PAO3</i>) under chilling stress. Overall, this study elucidates the specific roles of Spd on the pathway of PA inhibitors and PA biosynthesis metabolism in maize seed development in response to chilling stress. Moreover, the Huang C inbred line was more tolerant than Mo17, which was reflected by higher activities of PA biosynthesis-related enzymes and lower activities of PAs’ degradative-related enzymes in Huang C. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:07:49Z |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7aff7a6ed06a45e898edcbfb9eebf2722023-11-23T01:05:25ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-11-011011242110.3390/plants10112421Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling StressCanhong Gao0Mohamed S. Sheteiwy1Chen Lin2Yajing Guan3Zaid Ulhassan4Jin Hu5College of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptSeed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaSeed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaLaboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaSeed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaChilling stress greatly inhibited the seed germination, plant growth, development and productivity in this study. The current research aimed to study the effects of different polyamine (PA) inhibitor combinations (Co), e.g., D-arginine (D-Arg), difluoromethylormithine (DFMO), aminoguanidine (Ag) and methylglyoxyl–bis-(guanyhydrazone) (MGBG) at different doses, i.e., 10 µM Co, 100 µM Co, 500 µM Co, 1000 µM Co and 1000 µM Co + 1 mM Spd (Spermidine) in two inbred lines of maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), i.e., Mo17 and Huang C, a sensitive and tolerant chilling stress, respectively. The combination treatments of PA inhibitors reduced the biosynthesis of putrescine (Put) in the tissues of both studied inbred lines. Application with 500 µM Co and 1000 µM Co did not result in a significant difference in Put concentrations, except in the coleoptile of Mo17. However, combining Spd to 1000 μM of PA inhibitors enhanced the Put, Spd, spermine (Spm) and total PAs in the roots, coleoptile and mesocotyls. Put and total PAs were increased by 39.7% and 30.54%, respectively, when Spd + 1000 µM Co were applied relative to their controls. Chilling stress and PA inhibitors treatments affected both inbred lines and resulted in differences in the PA contents. Results showed that enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of PAs (ornithine decarboxylase as ODC and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase as SAMDC) were significantly downregulated by 1000 µM Co in the tissues of both inbred lines. In contrast, the activity of PAO, a Pas degradation enzyme, was significantly improved by 1000 µM Co under chilling stress. However, Spd + 1000 µM Co significantly improved the activities of ODC and SAMDC and their transcript levels (<i>ODC</i> and <i>SAMDC2</i>). While it significantly downregulated the PAO activity and their relative genes (<i>PAO1</i>, <i>PAO2</i> and <i>PAO3</i>) under chilling stress. Overall, this study elucidates the specific roles of Spd on the pathway of PA inhibitors and PA biosynthesis metabolism in maize seed development in response to chilling stress. Moreover, the Huang C inbred line was more tolerant than Mo17, which was reflected by higher activities of PA biosynthesis-related enzymes and lower activities of PAs’ degradative-related enzymes in Huang C.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2421polyaminesmaizechilling stressspermidinegene expression |
| spellingShingle | Canhong Gao Mohamed S. Sheteiwy Chen Lin Yajing Guan Zaid Ulhassan Jin Hu Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress Plants polyamines maize chilling stress spermidine gene expression |
| title | Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress |
| title_full | Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress |
| title_fullStr | Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress |
| title_short | Spermidine Suppressed the Inhibitory Effects of Polyamines Inhibitors Combination in Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress |
| title_sort | spermidine suppressed the inhibitory effects of polyamines inhibitors combination in maize i zea mays i l seedlings under chilling stress |
| topic | polyamines maize chilling stress spermidine gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2421 |
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