Analysis of Requirements for Achieving Carbon Neutrality in a Cold Dense City Using GIS
Photovoltaics (PV) can make a significant contribution to achieving carbon neutrality in buildings. Geographic information systems (GIS) make it easy to model cities and simulate PV with high accuracy. However, the computational burden from 3D urban models remains high. In this study, the complex ge...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7063 |
| _version_ | 1797479596543705088 |
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| author | Osawa Hisato Taro Mori Kouichi Shinagawa Satoshi Nakayama Hayato Hosobuchi Emad Mushtaha |
| author_facet | Osawa Hisato Taro Mori Kouichi Shinagawa Satoshi Nakayama Hayato Hosobuchi Emad Mushtaha |
| author_sort | Osawa Hisato |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Photovoltaics (PV) can make a significant contribution to achieving carbon neutrality in buildings. Geographic information systems (GIS) make it easy to model cities and simulate PV with high accuracy. However, the computational burden from 3D urban models remains high. In this study, the complex geometry of a city was represented in 2D images, and we propose a method for performing multiple PV simulations in a short amount of time by using these 2D images. The ratio of electricity generation to primary energy consumption (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>E</mi><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) was calculated for 415 office buildings in Sapporo, Japan, and conditions for achieving carbon neutrality in these buildings were explored. For buildings with a small gross floor area, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>E</mi><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> can be higher than one, and carbon neutrality can be achieved by improving the performance of the exterior walls and windows and by increasing the area of the PV installed. However, to improve <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>E</mi><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> in buildings with a large gross floor area, it is necessary to consider improving the performance of the equipment used and the efficient operation of the HVAC system. The method is useful for considering ways to achieve carbon neutrality in various cities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:48:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b1fb92e87924e45a3509ac7cc3c8579 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:48:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b1fb92e87924e45a3509ac7cc3c85792023-11-23T20:12:26ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-09-011519706310.3390/en15197063Analysis of Requirements for Achieving Carbon Neutrality in a Cold Dense City Using GISOsawa Hisato0Taro Mori1Kouichi Shinagawa2Satoshi Nakayama3Hayato Hosobuchi4Emad Mushtaha5Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kitaku-Kita 13, Nishi 8, Sapporo 060-8628, JapanGraduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kitaku-Kita 13, Nishi 8, Sapporo 060-8628, JapanNihon Sekkei, Inc., 6-5-1, Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-1329, JapanDepartment of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-0005, JapanDepartment of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa Cho, Toyota 470-0392, JapanDepartment of Architectural Engineering, College of Enginerring, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab EmiratesPhotovoltaics (PV) can make a significant contribution to achieving carbon neutrality in buildings. Geographic information systems (GIS) make it easy to model cities and simulate PV with high accuracy. However, the computational burden from 3D urban models remains high. In this study, the complex geometry of a city was represented in 2D images, and we propose a method for performing multiple PV simulations in a short amount of time by using these 2D images. The ratio of electricity generation to primary energy consumption (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>E</mi><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) was calculated for 415 office buildings in Sapporo, Japan, and conditions for achieving carbon neutrality in these buildings were explored. For buildings with a small gross floor area, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>E</mi><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> can be higher than one, and carbon neutrality can be achieved by improving the performance of the exterior walls and windows and by increasing the area of the PV installed. However, to improve <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>E</mi><mi>G</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> in buildings with a large gross floor area, it is necessary to consider improving the performance of the equipment used and the efficient operation of the HVAC system. The method is useful for considering ways to achieve carbon neutrality in various cities.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7063carbon neutralityGISorthographic imagePVsky view factorZEB |
| spellingShingle | Osawa Hisato Taro Mori Kouichi Shinagawa Satoshi Nakayama Hayato Hosobuchi Emad Mushtaha Analysis of Requirements for Achieving Carbon Neutrality in a Cold Dense City Using GIS Energies carbon neutrality GIS orthographic image PV sky view factor ZEB |
| title | Analysis of Requirements for Achieving Carbon Neutrality in a Cold Dense City Using GIS |
| title_full | Analysis of Requirements for Achieving Carbon Neutrality in a Cold Dense City Using GIS |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Requirements for Achieving Carbon Neutrality in a Cold Dense City Using GIS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Requirements for Achieving Carbon Neutrality in a Cold Dense City Using GIS |
| title_short | Analysis of Requirements for Achieving Carbon Neutrality in a Cold Dense City Using GIS |
| title_sort | analysis of requirements for achieving carbon neutrality in a cold dense city using gis |
| topic | carbon neutrality GIS orthographic image PV sky view factor ZEB |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7063 |
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