The Springer Model for Lifetime Prediction of Wind Turbine Blade Leading Edge Protection Systems: A Review and Sensitivity Study
The wind energy sector is growing rapidly. Wind turbines are increasing in size, leading to higher tip velocities. The leading edges of the blades interact with rain droplets, causing erosion damage over time. In order to mitigate the erosion, coating materials are required to protect the blades. To...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/3/1170 |
| _version_ | 1797486509408911360 |
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| author | Nick Hoksbergen Remko Akkerman Ismet Baran |
| author_facet | Nick Hoksbergen Remko Akkerman Ismet Baran |
| author_sort | Nick Hoksbergen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The wind energy sector is growing rapidly. Wind turbines are increasing in size, leading to higher tip velocities. The leading edges of the blades interact with rain droplets, causing erosion damage over time. In order to mitigate the erosion, coating materials are required to protect the blades. To predict the fatigue lifetime of coated substrates, the Springer model is often used. The current work summarizes the research performed using this model in the wind energy sector and studies the sensitivity of the model to its input parameters. It is shown that the Springer model highly depends on the Poisson ratio, the strength values of the coating and the empirically fitted <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> constant. The assumptions made in the Springer model are not physically representative, and we reasoned that more modern methods are required to accurately predict coating lifetimes. The proposed framework is split into three parts—(1) a contact pressure model, (2) a coating stress model and (3) a fatigue strength model—which overall is sufficient to capture the underlying physics during rain erosion of wind turbine blades. Possible improvements to each of the individual aspects of the framework are proposed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:34:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b303af1928d483f8d0d30e993c2aa9e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:34:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b303af1928d483f8d0d30e993c2aa9e2023-11-23T17:03:27ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-02-01153117010.3390/ma15031170The Springer Model for Lifetime Prediction of Wind Turbine Blade Leading Edge Protection Systems: A Review and Sensitivity StudyNick Hoksbergen0Remko Akkerman1Ismet Baran2Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The NetherlandsFaculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The NetherlandsFaculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The NetherlandsThe wind energy sector is growing rapidly. Wind turbines are increasing in size, leading to higher tip velocities. The leading edges of the blades interact with rain droplets, causing erosion damage over time. In order to mitigate the erosion, coating materials are required to protect the blades. To predict the fatigue lifetime of coated substrates, the Springer model is often used. The current work summarizes the research performed using this model in the wind energy sector and studies the sensitivity of the model to its input parameters. It is shown that the Springer model highly depends on the Poisson ratio, the strength values of the coating and the empirically fitted <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> constant. The assumptions made in the Springer model are not physically representative, and we reasoned that more modern methods are required to accurately predict coating lifetimes. The proposed framework is split into three parts—(1) a contact pressure model, (2) a coating stress model and (3) a fatigue strength model—which overall is sufficient to capture the underlying physics during rain erosion of wind turbine blades. Possible improvements to each of the individual aspects of the framework are proposed.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/3/1170Springerlifetime predictionwind turbine bladedroplet impactLEP |
| spellingShingle | Nick Hoksbergen Remko Akkerman Ismet Baran The Springer Model for Lifetime Prediction of Wind Turbine Blade Leading Edge Protection Systems: A Review and Sensitivity Study Materials Springer lifetime prediction wind turbine blade droplet impact LEP |
| title | The Springer Model for Lifetime Prediction of Wind Turbine Blade Leading Edge Protection Systems: A Review and Sensitivity Study |
| title_full | The Springer Model for Lifetime Prediction of Wind Turbine Blade Leading Edge Protection Systems: A Review and Sensitivity Study |
| title_fullStr | The Springer Model for Lifetime Prediction of Wind Turbine Blade Leading Edge Protection Systems: A Review and Sensitivity Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Springer Model for Lifetime Prediction of Wind Turbine Blade Leading Edge Protection Systems: A Review and Sensitivity Study |
| title_short | The Springer Model for Lifetime Prediction of Wind Turbine Blade Leading Edge Protection Systems: A Review and Sensitivity Study |
| title_sort | springer model for lifetime prediction of wind turbine blade leading edge protection systems a review and sensitivity study |
| topic | Springer lifetime prediction wind turbine blade droplet impact LEP |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/3/1170 |
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