Evaluating a Salmonella Typhimurium, Eimeria maxima, and Clostridium perfringens coinfection necrotic enteritis model in broiler chickens: repeatability, dosing, and immune outcomes
ABSTRACT: Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis negatively impact poultry production, making challenge model repeatability important for evaluating mitigation strategies. Study objectives were: 1) evaluate Salmonella Typhimurium–Eimeria maxima–Clostridium perfringens necrotic enteritis coinfection mode...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Poultry Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579123005370 |
| _version_ | 1797660116263108608 |
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| author | K. Fries-Craft D. Graham B.M. Hargis E.A. Bobeck |
| author_facet | K. Fries-Craft D. Graham B.M. Hargis E.A. Bobeck |
| author_sort | K. Fries-Craft |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis negatively impact poultry production, making challenge model repeatability important for evaluating mitigation strategies. Study objectives were: 1) evaluate Salmonella Typhimurium–Eimeria maxima–Clostridium perfringens necrotic enteritis coinfection model repeatability and 2) investigate E. maxima dose and early S. Typhimurium challenge on immune responses. Three trials using Ross 308 chicks assigned to 12 cages/trial (7 chicks/cage) in wire-floor brooders were completed. Trials 1 and 2 determined E. maxima dose for necrotic enteritis challenge in trial 3. Chicks in trials 1 and 2 were inoculated with 0 (control), 5, 15, or 25,000 sporulated E. maxima M6 oocysts on d 14 and jejunal lesion scores evaluated on d 20. In trial 3, chicks were assigned to control or necrotic enteritis challenge (42 chicks/group). Necrotic enteritis challenge chicks were inoculated with 1 × 105 colony forming units (CFU) S. Typhimurium on d 1, 15,000 E. maxima oocysts on d 14, and 1 × 108 CFU C. perfringens on d 19 and 20 with lesion scoring on d 22. Bird and feeder weights were recorded throughout each trial. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 1 chick/cage at baseline (all trials), 4 chicks/dose (trials 1 and 2) or 8 chicks/challenge (trial 3) 24 h post-inoculation (pi) with E. maxima for immunometabolic assays and immune cell profiling. Data were analyzed by mixed procedure (SAS 9.4) with challenge and timepoint fixed effects (P ≤ 0.05, trends 0.05 ≤ P ≤ 0.01). Inoculating chicks with 15,000 E. maxima oocysts increased d 14 to 20 FCR 79 points (trials 1 and 2; P = 0.009) vs. unchallenged chicks and achieved a target lesion score of 2. While C. perfringens challenge reduced trial 3 performance, average lesion scores were <1. Salmonella inoculation on d 1 tended to increase PBMC ATP production 41.6% 24 hpi with E. maxima vs. chicks challenged with E. maxima only (P = 0.06). These results provide insight for future model optimization and considerations regarding S. Typhimurium's effect on E. maxima immune response timelines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:25:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b401c63dfb441e8929374f3b8096bc9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0032-5791 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:25:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Poultry Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b401c63dfb441e8929374f3b8096bc92023-10-14T04:43:50ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912023-11-0110211103018Evaluating a Salmonella Typhimurium, Eimeria maxima, and Clostridium perfringens coinfection necrotic enteritis model in broiler chickens: repeatability, dosing, and immune outcomesK. Fries-Craft0D. Graham1B.M. Hargis2E.A. Bobeck3Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USADepartment of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Corresponding author:ABSTRACT: Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis negatively impact poultry production, making challenge model repeatability important for evaluating mitigation strategies. Study objectives were: 1) evaluate Salmonella Typhimurium–Eimeria maxima–Clostridium perfringens necrotic enteritis coinfection model repeatability and 2) investigate E. maxima dose and early S. Typhimurium challenge on immune responses. Three trials using Ross 308 chicks assigned to 12 cages/trial (7 chicks/cage) in wire-floor brooders were completed. Trials 1 and 2 determined E. maxima dose for necrotic enteritis challenge in trial 3. Chicks in trials 1 and 2 were inoculated with 0 (control), 5, 15, or 25,000 sporulated E. maxima M6 oocysts on d 14 and jejunal lesion scores evaluated on d 20. In trial 3, chicks were assigned to control or necrotic enteritis challenge (42 chicks/group). Necrotic enteritis challenge chicks were inoculated with 1 × 105 colony forming units (CFU) S. Typhimurium on d 1, 15,000 E. maxima oocysts on d 14, and 1 × 108 CFU C. perfringens on d 19 and 20 with lesion scoring on d 22. Bird and feeder weights were recorded throughout each trial. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 1 chick/cage at baseline (all trials), 4 chicks/dose (trials 1 and 2) or 8 chicks/challenge (trial 3) 24 h post-inoculation (pi) with E. maxima for immunometabolic assays and immune cell profiling. Data were analyzed by mixed procedure (SAS 9.4) with challenge and timepoint fixed effects (P ≤ 0.05, trends 0.05 ≤ P ≤ 0.01). Inoculating chicks with 15,000 E. maxima oocysts increased d 14 to 20 FCR 79 points (trials 1 and 2; P = 0.009) vs. unchallenged chicks and achieved a target lesion score of 2. While C. perfringens challenge reduced trial 3 performance, average lesion scores were <1. Salmonella inoculation on d 1 tended to increase PBMC ATP production 41.6% 24 hpi with E. maxima vs. chicks challenged with E. maxima only (P = 0.06). These results provide insight for future model optimization and considerations regarding S. Typhimurium's effect on E. maxima immune response timelines.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579123005370Eimeria maximaSalmonella TyphimuriumClostridium perfringensimmunometabolismflow cytometry |
| spellingShingle | K. Fries-Craft D. Graham B.M. Hargis E.A. Bobeck Evaluating a Salmonella Typhimurium, Eimeria maxima, and Clostridium perfringens coinfection necrotic enteritis model in broiler chickens: repeatability, dosing, and immune outcomes Poultry Science Eimeria maxima Salmonella Typhimurium Clostridium perfringens immunometabolism flow cytometry |
| title | Evaluating a Salmonella Typhimurium, Eimeria maxima, and Clostridium perfringens coinfection necrotic enteritis model in broiler chickens: repeatability, dosing, and immune outcomes |
| title_full | Evaluating a Salmonella Typhimurium, Eimeria maxima, and Clostridium perfringens coinfection necrotic enteritis model in broiler chickens: repeatability, dosing, and immune outcomes |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating a Salmonella Typhimurium, Eimeria maxima, and Clostridium perfringens coinfection necrotic enteritis model in broiler chickens: repeatability, dosing, and immune outcomes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating a Salmonella Typhimurium, Eimeria maxima, and Clostridium perfringens coinfection necrotic enteritis model in broiler chickens: repeatability, dosing, and immune outcomes |
| title_short | Evaluating a Salmonella Typhimurium, Eimeria maxima, and Clostridium perfringens coinfection necrotic enteritis model in broiler chickens: repeatability, dosing, and immune outcomes |
| title_sort | evaluating a salmonella typhimurium eimeria maxima and clostridium perfringens coinfection necrotic enteritis model in broiler chickens repeatability dosing and immune outcomes |
| topic | Eimeria maxima Salmonella Typhimurium Clostridium perfringens immunometabolism flow cytometry |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579123005370 |
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