<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in South American Camelids in Germany: First Insights into Molecular and Genetic Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance
Little is known about zoonotic pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance in South American camelids (SAC) in Germany including <i>Clostridioides</i> (<i>C</i>.) <i>difficile</i>. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence, molecular characteristics and...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/1/86 |
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| author | Ines Dost Mostafa Abdel-Glil Gernot Schmoock Christian Menge Christian Berens Belén González-Santamarina Elisabeth Wiegand Heinrich Neubauer Stefan Schwarz Christian Seyboldt |
| author_facet | Ines Dost Mostafa Abdel-Glil Gernot Schmoock Christian Menge Christian Berens Belén González-Santamarina Elisabeth Wiegand Heinrich Neubauer Stefan Schwarz Christian Seyboldt |
| author_sort | Ines Dost |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Little is known about zoonotic pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance in South American camelids (SAC) in Germany including <i>Clostridioides</i> (<i>C</i>.) <i>difficile</i>. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence, molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of <i>C. difficile</i> in SAC. Composite SAC faecal samples were collected in 43 husbandries in Central Germany and cultured for <i>C. difficile</i>. Toxinotyping and ribotyping was done by PCR. Whole genome sequencing was performed with Illumina<sup>®</sup> Miseq™. The genomes were screened for antimicrobial resistance determinants. Genetic relatedness of the isolates was investigated using core genome multi locus sequence typing (cgMLST) and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Etest<sup>®</sup> method. Eight <i>C. difficile</i> isolates were recovered from seven farms. The isolates belonged to different PCR ribotypes. All isolates were toxinogenic. cgMLST revealed a cluster containing isolates recovered from different farms. Seven isolates showed similar resistance gene patterns. Different phenotypic resistance patterns were found. Agreement between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was identified only in some cases. Consequently, SAC may act as a reservoir for <i>C. difficile</i>. Thus, SAC may pose a risk regarding zoonotic transmission of toxinogenic, potentially human-pathogenic and resistant <i>C. difficile</i> isolates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:48:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b42265477494abf84ef956375c874f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:48:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b42265477494abf84ef956375c874f92023-11-30T20:55:30ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-01-011218610.3390/antibiotics12010086<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in South American Camelids in Germany: First Insights into Molecular and Genetic Characteristics and Antimicrobial ResistanceInes Dost0Mostafa Abdel-Glil1Gernot Schmoock2Christian Menge3Christian Berens4Belén González-Santamarina5Elisabeth Wiegand6Heinrich Neubauer7Stefan Schwarz8Christian Seyboldt9Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, GermanyInstitute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, GermanyInstitute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, GermanyInstitute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, GermanyInstitute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, GermanyInstitute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, GermanyInstitute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, GermanyInstitute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, GermanyInstitute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, GermanyLittle is known about zoonotic pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance in South American camelids (SAC) in Germany including <i>Clostridioides</i> (<i>C</i>.) <i>difficile</i>. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence, molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of <i>C. difficile</i> in SAC. Composite SAC faecal samples were collected in 43 husbandries in Central Germany and cultured for <i>C. difficile</i>. Toxinotyping and ribotyping was done by PCR. Whole genome sequencing was performed with Illumina<sup>®</sup> Miseq™. The genomes were screened for antimicrobial resistance determinants. Genetic relatedness of the isolates was investigated using core genome multi locus sequence typing (cgMLST) and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Etest<sup>®</sup> method. Eight <i>C. difficile</i> isolates were recovered from seven farms. The isolates belonged to different PCR ribotypes. All isolates were toxinogenic. cgMLST revealed a cluster containing isolates recovered from different farms. Seven isolates showed similar resistance gene patterns. Different phenotypic resistance patterns were found. Agreement between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was identified only in some cases. Consequently, SAC may act as a reservoir for <i>C. difficile</i>. Thus, SAC may pose a risk regarding zoonotic transmission of toxinogenic, potentially human-pathogenic and resistant <i>C. difficile</i> isolates.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/1/86<i>Clostridioides difficile</i>South American camelidsantimicrobial resistancewhole genome sequencingRT 002/2RT 015 |
| spellingShingle | Ines Dost Mostafa Abdel-Glil Gernot Schmoock Christian Menge Christian Berens Belén González-Santamarina Elisabeth Wiegand Heinrich Neubauer Stefan Schwarz Christian Seyboldt <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in South American Camelids in Germany: First Insights into Molecular and Genetic Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance Antibiotics <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> South American camelids antimicrobial resistance whole genome sequencing RT 002/2 RT 015 |
| title | <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in South American Camelids in Germany: First Insights into Molecular and Genetic Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance |
| title_full | <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in South American Camelids in Germany: First Insights into Molecular and Genetic Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance |
| title_fullStr | <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in South American Camelids in Germany: First Insights into Molecular and Genetic Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in South American Camelids in Germany: First Insights into Molecular and Genetic Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance |
| title_short | <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> in South American Camelids in Germany: First Insights into Molecular and Genetic Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance |
| title_sort | i clostridioides difficile i in south american camelids in germany first insights into molecular and genetic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance |
| topic | <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> South American camelids antimicrobial resistance whole genome sequencing RT 002/2 RT 015 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/1/86 |
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