Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis
In late December 2019, the first cases of viral pneumonia caused by an unidentified pathogen were reported in China. Two years later, SARS-CoV-2 was responsible for almost 450 million cases, claiming more than 6 million lives. The COVID-19 pandemic strained the limits of healthcare systems all acros...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.908525/full |
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| author | Andrei Havasi Andrei Havasi Simona Visan Calin Cainap Calin Cainap Simona Sorana Cainap Simona Sorana Cainap Alin Adrian Mihaila Laura-Ancuta Pop |
| author_facet | Andrei Havasi Andrei Havasi Simona Visan Calin Cainap Calin Cainap Simona Sorana Cainap Simona Sorana Cainap Alin Adrian Mihaila Laura-Ancuta Pop |
| author_sort | Andrei Havasi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In late December 2019, the first cases of viral pneumonia caused by an unidentified pathogen were reported in China. Two years later, SARS-CoV-2 was responsible for almost 450 million cases, claiming more than 6 million lives. The COVID-19 pandemic strained the limits of healthcare systems all across the world. Identifying viral RNA through real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction remains the gold standard in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, equipment cost, availability, and the need for trained personnel limited testing capacity. Through an unprecedented research effort, new diagnostic techniques such as rapid diagnostic testing, isothermal amplification techniques, and next-generation sequencing were developed, enabling accurate and accessible diagnosis. Influenza viruses are responsible for seasonal outbreaks infecting up to a quarter of the human population worldwide. Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 present with flu-like symptoms, making the differential diagnosis challenging solely on clinical presentation. Healthcare systems are likely to be faced with overlapping SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza outbreaks. This review aims to present the similarities and differences of both infections while focusing on the diagnosis. We discuss the clinical presentation of Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 and techniques available for diagnosis. Furthermore, we summarize available data regarding the multiplex diagnostic assay of both viral infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T16:30:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b4d8dadad094874b4667c2be3ab6a3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T16:30:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b4d8dadad094874b4667c2be3ab6a3e2022-12-22T00:18:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2022-06-011310.3389/fmicb.2022.908525908525Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on DiagnosisAndrei Havasi0Andrei Havasi1Simona Visan2Calin Cainap3Calin Cainap4Simona Sorana Cainap5Simona Sorana Cainap6Alin Adrian Mihaila7Laura-Ancuta Pop8Department of Oncology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Genetics, Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Oncology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaPediatric Clinic No. 2, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emergency County Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Mother and Child, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaFaculty of Economics and Business Administration, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaResearch Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaIn late December 2019, the first cases of viral pneumonia caused by an unidentified pathogen were reported in China. Two years later, SARS-CoV-2 was responsible for almost 450 million cases, claiming more than 6 million lives. The COVID-19 pandemic strained the limits of healthcare systems all across the world. Identifying viral RNA through real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction remains the gold standard in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, equipment cost, availability, and the need for trained personnel limited testing capacity. Through an unprecedented research effort, new diagnostic techniques such as rapid diagnostic testing, isothermal amplification techniques, and next-generation sequencing were developed, enabling accurate and accessible diagnosis. Influenza viruses are responsible for seasonal outbreaks infecting up to a quarter of the human population worldwide. Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 present with flu-like symptoms, making the differential diagnosis challenging solely on clinical presentation. Healthcare systems are likely to be faced with overlapping SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza outbreaks. This review aims to present the similarities and differences of both infections while focusing on the diagnosis. We discuss the clinical presentation of Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 and techniques available for diagnosis. Furthermore, we summarize available data regarding the multiplex diagnostic assay of both viral infections.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.908525/fullSARS-CoV-2influenzadiagnosisPCR diagnosisCOVID-19 influenza coinfection |
| spellingShingle | Andrei Havasi Andrei Havasi Simona Visan Calin Cainap Calin Cainap Simona Sorana Cainap Simona Sorana Cainap Alin Adrian Mihaila Laura-Ancuta Pop Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis Frontiers in Microbiology SARS-CoV-2 influenza diagnosis PCR diagnosis COVID-19 influenza coinfection |
| title | Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis |
| title_full | Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis |
| title_fullStr | Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis |
| title_short | Influenza A, Influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 Similarities and Differences – A Focus on Diagnosis |
| title_sort | influenza a influenza b and sars cov 2 similarities and differences a focus on diagnosis |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 influenza diagnosis PCR diagnosis COVID-19 influenza coinfection |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.908525/full |
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