Mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides Small Colony" to "capri". A microevolutionary perspective
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The <it>Mycoplasma mycoides </it>cluster consists of five species or subspecies that are ruminant pathogens. One subspecies, <it>Mycoplasma mycoides </it>subspecies <it>mycoides </it>Small Colony (...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2011-02-01
|
| Series: | BMC Genomics |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/114 |
| _version_ | 1811311731209666560 |
|---|---|
| author | Jacob Daniel Vacherie Benoit Barbe Valérie Salah Woubit Manso-Silvan Lucia Thiaucourt Francois Breton Marc Dupuy Virginie Lomenech Anne Blanchard Alain Sirand-Pugnet Pascal |
| author_facet | Jacob Daniel Vacherie Benoit Barbe Valérie Salah Woubit Manso-Silvan Lucia Thiaucourt Francois Breton Marc Dupuy Virginie Lomenech Anne Blanchard Alain Sirand-Pugnet Pascal |
| author_sort | Jacob Daniel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The <it>Mycoplasma mycoides </it>cluster consists of five species or subspecies that are ruminant pathogens. One subspecies, <it>Mycoplasma mycoides </it>subspecies <it>mycoides </it>Small Colony (MmmSC), is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Its very close relative, <it>Mycoplasma mycoides </it>subsp. <it>capri </it>(Mmc), is a more ubiquitous pathogen in small ruminants causing mastitis, arthritis, keratitis, pneumonia and septicaemia and is also found as saprophyte in the ear canal. To understand the genetics underlying these phenotypic differences, we compared the MmmSC PG1 type strain genome, which was already available, with the genome of an Mmc field strain (95010) that was sequenced in this study. We also compared the 95010 genome with the recently published genome of another Mmc strain (GM12) to evaluate Mmc strain diversity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The MmmSC PG1 genome is 1,212 kbp and that of Mmc 95010 is ca. 58 kbp shorter. Most of the sequences present in PG1 but not 95010 are highly repeated Insertion Sequences (three types of IS) and large duplicated DNA fragments. The 95010 genome contains five types of IS, present in fewer copies than in PG1, and two copies of an integrative conjugative element. These mobile genetic elements have played a key role in genome plasticity, leading to inversions of large DNA fragments. Comparison of the two genomes suggested a marked decay of the PG1 genome that seems to be correlated with a greater number of IS. The repertoire of gene families encoding surface proteins is smaller in PG1. Several genes involved in polysaccharide metabolism and protein degradation are also absent from, or degraded in, PG1.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The genome of MmmSC PG1 is larger than that of Mmc 95010, its very close relative, but has less coding capacity. This is the result of large genetic rearrangements due to mobile elements that have also led to marked gene decay. This is consistent with a non-adaptative genomic complexity theory, allowing duplications or pseudogenes to be maintained in the absence of adaptive selection that would lead to purifying selection and genome streamlining over longer evolutionary times. These findings also suggest that MmmSC only recently adapted to its bovine host.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T10:24:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b624e31d6184c62ac5519453c0dd3e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2164 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T10:24:01Z |
| publishDate | 2011-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Genomics |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b624e31d6184c62ac5519453c0dd3e12022-12-22T02:50:23ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642011-02-0112111410.1186/1471-2164-12-114Mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides Small Colony" to "capri". A microevolutionary perspectiveJacob DanielVacherie BenoitBarbe ValérieSalah WoubitManso-Silvan LuciaThiaucourt FrancoisBreton MarcDupuy VirginieLomenech AnneBlanchard AlainSirand-Pugnet Pascal<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The <it>Mycoplasma mycoides </it>cluster consists of five species or subspecies that are ruminant pathogens. One subspecies, <it>Mycoplasma mycoides </it>subspecies <it>mycoides </it>Small Colony (MmmSC), is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Its very close relative, <it>Mycoplasma mycoides </it>subsp. <it>capri </it>(Mmc), is a more ubiquitous pathogen in small ruminants causing mastitis, arthritis, keratitis, pneumonia and septicaemia and is also found as saprophyte in the ear canal. To understand the genetics underlying these phenotypic differences, we compared the MmmSC PG1 type strain genome, which was already available, with the genome of an Mmc field strain (95010) that was sequenced in this study. We also compared the 95010 genome with the recently published genome of another Mmc strain (GM12) to evaluate Mmc strain diversity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The MmmSC PG1 genome is 1,212 kbp and that of Mmc 95010 is ca. 58 kbp shorter. Most of the sequences present in PG1 but not 95010 are highly repeated Insertion Sequences (three types of IS) and large duplicated DNA fragments. The 95010 genome contains five types of IS, present in fewer copies than in PG1, and two copies of an integrative conjugative element. These mobile genetic elements have played a key role in genome plasticity, leading to inversions of large DNA fragments. Comparison of the two genomes suggested a marked decay of the PG1 genome that seems to be correlated with a greater number of IS. The repertoire of gene families encoding surface proteins is smaller in PG1. Several genes involved in polysaccharide metabolism and protein degradation are also absent from, or degraded in, PG1.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The genome of MmmSC PG1 is larger than that of Mmc 95010, its very close relative, but has less coding capacity. This is the result of large genetic rearrangements due to mobile elements that have also led to marked gene decay. This is consistent with a non-adaptative genomic complexity theory, allowing duplications or pseudogenes to be maintained in the absence of adaptive selection that would lead to purifying selection and genome streamlining over longer evolutionary times. These findings also suggest that MmmSC only recently adapted to its bovine host.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/114 |
| spellingShingle | Jacob Daniel Vacherie Benoit Barbe Valérie Salah Woubit Manso-Silvan Lucia Thiaucourt Francois Breton Marc Dupuy Virginie Lomenech Anne Blanchard Alain Sirand-Pugnet Pascal Mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides Small Colony" to "capri". A microevolutionary perspective BMC Genomics |
| title | Mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides Small Colony" to "capri". A microevolutionary perspective |
| title_full | Mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides Small Colony" to "capri". A microevolutionary perspective |
| title_fullStr | Mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides Small Colony" to "capri". A microevolutionary perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides Small Colony" to "capri". A microevolutionary perspective |
| title_short | Mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides Small Colony" to "capri". A microevolutionary perspective |
| title_sort | mycoplasma mycoides from mycoides small colony to capri a microevolutionary perspective |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/114 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jacobdaniel mycoplasmamycoidesfrommycoidessmallcolonytocapriamicroevolutionaryperspective AT vacheriebenoit mycoplasmamycoidesfrommycoidessmallcolonytocapriamicroevolutionaryperspective AT barbevalerie mycoplasmamycoidesfrommycoidessmallcolonytocapriamicroevolutionaryperspective AT salahwoubit mycoplasmamycoidesfrommycoidessmallcolonytocapriamicroevolutionaryperspective AT mansosilvanlucia mycoplasmamycoidesfrommycoidessmallcolonytocapriamicroevolutionaryperspective AT thiaucourtfrancois mycoplasmamycoidesfrommycoidessmallcolonytocapriamicroevolutionaryperspective AT bretonmarc mycoplasmamycoidesfrommycoidessmallcolonytocapriamicroevolutionaryperspective AT dupuyvirginie mycoplasmamycoidesfrommycoidessmallcolonytocapriamicroevolutionaryperspective AT lomenechanne mycoplasmamycoidesfrommycoidessmallcolonytocapriamicroevolutionaryperspective AT blanchardalain mycoplasmamycoidesfrommycoidessmallcolonytocapriamicroevolutionaryperspective AT sirandpugnetpascal mycoplasmamycoidesfrommycoidessmallcolonytocapriamicroevolutionaryperspective |