Role of Divalent Cations in HIV-1 Replication and Pathogenicity
Divalent cations are essential for life and are fundamentally important coordinators of cellular metabolism, cell growth, host-pathogen interactions, and cell death. Specifically, for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), divalent cations are required for interactions between viral and host f...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/4/471 |
| _version_ | 1827718227783843840 |
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| author | Nabab Khan Xuesong Chen Jonathan D. Geiger |
| author_facet | Nabab Khan Xuesong Chen Jonathan D. Geiger |
| author_sort | Nabab Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Divalent cations are essential for life and are fundamentally important coordinators of cellular metabolism, cell growth, host-pathogen interactions, and cell death. Specifically, for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), divalent cations are required for interactions between viral and host factors that govern HIV-1 replication and pathogenicity. Homeostatic regulation of divalent cations’ levels and actions appear to change as HIV-1 infection progresses and as changes occur between HIV-1 and the host. In people living with HIV-1, dietary supplementation with divalent cations may increase HIV-1 replication, whereas cation chelation may suppress HIV-1 replication and decrease disease progression. Here, we review literature on the roles of zinc (Zn<sup>2+</sup>), iron (Fe<sup>2+</sup>), manganese (Mn<sup>2+</sup>), magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), selenium (Se<sup>2+</sup>), and copper (Cu<sup>2+</sup>) in HIV-1 replication and pathogenicity, as well as evidence that divalent cation levels and actions may be targeted therapeutically in people living with HIV-1. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:19:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b6c8ae3fffd43a3ae8dfebdd9d0ecf1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:19:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b6c8ae3fffd43a3ae8dfebdd9d0ecf12023-11-19T22:18:01ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-04-0112447110.3390/v12040471Role of Divalent Cations in HIV-1 Replication and PathogenicityNabab Khan0Xuesong Chen1Jonathan D. Geiger2Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USADivalent cations are essential for life and are fundamentally important coordinators of cellular metabolism, cell growth, host-pathogen interactions, and cell death. Specifically, for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), divalent cations are required for interactions between viral and host factors that govern HIV-1 replication and pathogenicity. Homeostatic regulation of divalent cations’ levels and actions appear to change as HIV-1 infection progresses and as changes occur between HIV-1 and the host. In people living with HIV-1, dietary supplementation with divalent cations may increase HIV-1 replication, whereas cation chelation may suppress HIV-1 replication and decrease disease progression. Here, we review literature on the roles of zinc (Zn<sup>2+</sup>), iron (Fe<sup>2+</sup>), manganese (Mn<sup>2+</sup>), magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), selenium (Se<sup>2+</sup>), and copper (Cu<sup>2+</sup>) in HIV-1 replication and pathogenicity, as well as evidence that divalent cation levels and actions may be targeted therapeutically in people living with HIV-1.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/4/471human immunodeficiency virus type-1transactivator of transcriptionHIV-1 associated neurocognitive disordersdivalent cationsendolysosomes |
| spellingShingle | Nabab Khan Xuesong Chen Jonathan D. Geiger Role of Divalent Cations in HIV-1 Replication and Pathogenicity Viruses human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transactivator of transcription HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders divalent cations endolysosomes |
| title | Role of Divalent Cations in HIV-1 Replication and Pathogenicity |
| title_full | Role of Divalent Cations in HIV-1 Replication and Pathogenicity |
| title_fullStr | Role of Divalent Cations in HIV-1 Replication and Pathogenicity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Divalent Cations in HIV-1 Replication and Pathogenicity |
| title_short | Role of Divalent Cations in HIV-1 Replication and Pathogenicity |
| title_sort | role of divalent cations in hiv 1 replication and pathogenicity |
| topic | human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transactivator of transcription HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders divalent cations endolysosomes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/4/471 |
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