The Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the Optimization of the Conditions of Fabrication of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Desalination and Ion Removal
Nowadays, acquiring a water supply for urban and industrial uses is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity for ensuring sustainability. Membrane technology has been considered cost-effective, encompasses lower energy requirements, and at the same time, offers acceptable performance. Electros...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/12/979 |
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| author | Khaled Younes Omar Mouhtady Hamdi Chaouk Emil Obeid Rabih Roufayel Ahmad Moghrabi Nimer Murshid |
| author_facet | Khaled Younes Omar Mouhtady Hamdi Chaouk Emil Obeid Rabih Roufayel Ahmad Moghrabi Nimer Murshid |
| author_sort | Khaled Younes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nowadays, acquiring a water supply for urban and industrial uses is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity for ensuring sustainability. Membrane technology has been considered cost-effective, encompasses lower energy requirements, and at the same time, offers acceptable performance. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) are considered a novel and promising strategy for the production of membranes that could be applied in several treatment processes, especially desalination and ion removal. In this study, we apply an unsupervised machine-learning strategy, the so-called principal component analysis (PCA), for the purpose of seeking discrepancies and similarities between different ENMs. The main purpose was to investigate the influence of membrane fabrication conditions, characteristics, and process conditions in order to seek the relevance of the application of different electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs). Membranes were majorly classified into single polymers/layers, from one side, and dual multiple layer ENMs, from another side. For both classes, variables related to membrane fabrication conditions were not separated from membrane characterization variables. This reveals that membranes’ characteristics not only depend on the chemical composition, but also on the fabrication conditions. On the other hand, the process conditions of ENM fabrication showed an extensive effect on membranes’ performance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:35:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b7187c571fa41dd9f1dcfe9a865acd2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:35:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b7187c571fa41dd9f1dcfe9a865acd22023-11-23T09:30:45ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752021-12-01111297910.3390/membranes11120979The Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the Optimization of the Conditions of Fabrication of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Desalination and Ion RemovalKhaled Younes0Omar Mouhtady1Hamdi Chaouk2Emil Obeid3Rabih Roufayel4Ahmad Moghrabi5Nimer Murshid6College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, KuwaitCollege of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, KuwaitCollege of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, KuwaitCollege of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, KuwaitCollege of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, KuwaitCollege of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, KuwaitCollege of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, KuwaitNowadays, acquiring a water supply for urban and industrial uses is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity for ensuring sustainability. Membrane technology has been considered cost-effective, encompasses lower energy requirements, and at the same time, offers acceptable performance. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) are considered a novel and promising strategy for the production of membranes that could be applied in several treatment processes, especially desalination and ion removal. In this study, we apply an unsupervised machine-learning strategy, the so-called principal component analysis (PCA), for the purpose of seeking discrepancies and similarities between different ENMs. The main purpose was to investigate the influence of membrane fabrication conditions, characteristics, and process conditions in order to seek the relevance of the application of different electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs). Membranes were majorly classified into single polymers/layers, from one side, and dual multiple layer ENMs, from another side. For both classes, variables related to membrane fabrication conditions were not separated from membrane characterization variables. This reveals that membranes’ characteristics not only depend on the chemical composition, but also on the fabrication conditions. On the other hand, the process conditions of ENM fabrication showed an extensive effect on membranes’ performance.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/12/979desalinationprincipal component analysiselectrospun nanofibrous membrane (ENM)manufacturing conditions |
| spellingShingle | Khaled Younes Omar Mouhtady Hamdi Chaouk Emil Obeid Rabih Roufayel Ahmad Moghrabi Nimer Murshid The Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the Optimization of the Conditions of Fabrication of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Desalination and Ion Removal Membranes desalination principal component analysis electrospun nanofibrous membrane (ENM) manufacturing conditions |
| title | The Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the Optimization of the Conditions of Fabrication of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Desalination and Ion Removal |
| title_full | The Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the Optimization of the Conditions of Fabrication of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Desalination and Ion Removal |
| title_fullStr | The Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the Optimization of the Conditions of Fabrication of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Desalination and Ion Removal |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the Optimization of the Conditions of Fabrication of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Desalination and Ion Removal |
| title_short | The Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the Optimization of the Conditions of Fabrication of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Desalination and Ion Removal |
| title_sort | application of principal component analysis pca for the optimization of the conditions of fabrication of electrospun nanofibrous membrane for desalination and ion removal |
| topic | desalination principal component analysis electrospun nanofibrous membrane (ENM) manufacturing conditions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/11/12/979 |
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