One out of three bystanders of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests shows signs of pathological psychological processing weeks after the incident - results from structured telephone interviews
Abstract Background Witnessing an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a traumatic experience. This study analyses bystanders` psychological processing of OHCA. We examined the potential impact of bystanders performing resuscitation and the influence of the relationship between bystander and pat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2021-09-01
|
| Series: | Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-021-00945-8 |
| _version_ | 1818656282651918336 |
|---|---|
| author | Peter Brinkrolf Bibiana Metelmann Camilla Metelmann Mina Baumgarten Carolin Scharte Alexander Zarbock Klaus Hahnenkamp Andreas Bohn |
| author_facet | Peter Brinkrolf Bibiana Metelmann Camilla Metelmann Mina Baumgarten Carolin Scharte Alexander Zarbock Klaus Hahnenkamp Andreas Bohn |
| author_sort | Peter Brinkrolf |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Witnessing an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a traumatic experience. This study analyses bystanders` psychological processing of OHCA. We examined the potential impact of bystanders performing resuscitation and the influence of the relationship between bystander and patient (stranger vs. family/friend of the patient) on the psychological processing. Methods A telephone interview survey with bystanders, who witnessed an OHCA of an adult patient was performed weeks after the event between December 2014 and April 2016. The semi-standardized questionnaire contained a question regarding the paramount emotion at the time of the interview. In a post-hoc analysis statements given in response were rated by independent researchers into the categories “signs of pathological psychological processing”, “physiological psychological processing” and “no signs of psychological distress due to the OHCA”. Results In this analysis 89 telephone interviews were included. In 27 cases (30.3%) signs of pathological psychological processing could be detected. Bystanders performing resuscitation had a higher rate of “no signs of psychological distress after witnessing OHCA” compared to those not resuscitating (54.7% vs. 26.7%, p < 0.05; relative risk 2.01; 95%CI 1.08, 3.89). No statistical significant differences in the psychological processing could be shown for gender, age, relationship to the patient, current employment in the health sector, location of cardiac arrest or number of additional bystanders. Conclusions One out of three bystanders of OHCA suffers signs of pathological psychological processing. This was independent of bystander´s age, gender and relationship to the patient. Performing resuscitation seems to help coping with witnessing OHCA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T03:23:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b728e342c504d86b5c43ce949b6c8b4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1757-7241 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T03:23:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b728e342c504d86b5c43ce949b6c8b42022-12-21T22:05:27ZengBMCScandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine1757-72412021-09-0129111010.1186/s13049-021-00945-8One out of three bystanders of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests shows signs of pathological psychological processing weeks after the incident - results from structured telephone interviewsPeter Brinkrolf0Bibiana Metelmann1Camilla Metelmann2Mina Baumgarten3Carolin Scharte4Alexander Zarbock5Klaus Hahnenkamp6Andreas Bohn7Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medicine GreifswaldDepartment of Anaesthesiology, University Medicine GreifswaldDepartment of Anaesthesiology, University Medicine GreifswaldUniversity Medicine GreifswaldDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital MünsterDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital MünsterDepartment of Anaesthesiology, University Medicine GreifswaldDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital MünsterAbstract Background Witnessing an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a traumatic experience. This study analyses bystanders` psychological processing of OHCA. We examined the potential impact of bystanders performing resuscitation and the influence of the relationship between bystander and patient (stranger vs. family/friend of the patient) on the psychological processing. Methods A telephone interview survey with bystanders, who witnessed an OHCA of an adult patient was performed weeks after the event between December 2014 and April 2016. The semi-standardized questionnaire contained a question regarding the paramount emotion at the time of the interview. In a post-hoc analysis statements given in response were rated by independent researchers into the categories “signs of pathological psychological processing”, “physiological psychological processing” and “no signs of psychological distress due to the OHCA”. Results In this analysis 89 telephone interviews were included. In 27 cases (30.3%) signs of pathological psychological processing could be detected. Bystanders performing resuscitation had a higher rate of “no signs of psychological distress after witnessing OHCA” compared to those not resuscitating (54.7% vs. 26.7%, p < 0.05; relative risk 2.01; 95%CI 1.08, 3.89). No statistical significant differences in the psychological processing could be shown for gender, age, relationship to the patient, current employment in the health sector, location of cardiac arrest or number of additional bystanders. Conclusions One out of three bystanders of OHCA suffers signs of pathological psychological processing. This was independent of bystander´s age, gender and relationship to the patient. Performing resuscitation seems to help coping with witnessing OHCA.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-021-00945-8Bystander CPROut-of-hospital CPROut-of-hospital cardiac arrestWitnessed cardiac arrestPsychological distressEmotional adjustment |
| spellingShingle | Peter Brinkrolf Bibiana Metelmann Camilla Metelmann Mina Baumgarten Carolin Scharte Alexander Zarbock Klaus Hahnenkamp Andreas Bohn One out of three bystanders of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests shows signs of pathological psychological processing weeks after the incident - results from structured telephone interviews Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine Bystander CPR Out-of-hospital CPR Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest Witnessed cardiac arrest Psychological distress Emotional adjustment |
| title | One out of three bystanders of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests shows signs of pathological psychological processing weeks after the incident - results from structured telephone interviews |
| title_full | One out of three bystanders of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests shows signs of pathological psychological processing weeks after the incident - results from structured telephone interviews |
| title_fullStr | One out of three bystanders of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests shows signs of pathological psychological processing weeks after the incident - results from structured telephone interviews |
| title_full_unstemmed | One out of three bystanders of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests shows signs of pathological psychological processing weeks after the incident - results from structured telephone interviews |
| title_short | One out of three bystanders of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests shows signs of pathological psychological processing weeks after the incident - results from structured telephone interviews |
| title_sort | one out of three bystanders of out of hospital cardiac arrests shows signs of pathological psychological processing weeks after the incident results from structured telephone interviews |
| topic | Bystander CPR Out-of-hospital CPR Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest Witnessed cardiac arrest Psychological distress Emotional adjustment |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-021-00945-8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT peterbrinkrolf oneoutofthreebystandersofoutofhospitalcardiacarrestsshowssignsofpathologicalpsychologicalprocessingweeksaftertheincidentresultsfromstructuredtelephoneinterviews AT bibianametelmann oneoutofthreebystandersofoutofhospitalcardiacarrestsshowssignsofpathologicalpsychologicalprocessingweeksaftertheincidentresultsfromstructuredtelephoneinterviews AT camillametelmann oneoutofthreebystandersofoutofhospitalcardiacarrestsshowssignsofpathologicalpsychologicalprocessingweeksaftertheincidentresultsfromstructuredtelephoneinterviews AT minabaumgarten oneoutofthreebystandersofoutofhospitalcardiacarrestsshowssignsofpathologicalpsychologicalprocessingweeksaftertheincidentresultsfromstructuredtelephoneinterviews AT carolinscharte oneoutofthreebystandersofoutofhospitalcardiacarrestsshowssignsofpathologicalpsychologicalprocessingweeksaftertheincidentresultsfromstructuredtelephoneinterviews AT alexanderzarbock oneoutofthreebystandersofoutofhospitalcardiacarrestsshowssignsofpathologicalpsychologicalprocessingweeksaftertheincidentresultsfromstructuredtelephoneinterviews AT klaushahnenkamp oneoutofthreebystandersofoutofhospitalcardiacarrestsshowssignsofpathologicalpsychologicalprocessingweeksaftertheincidentresultsfromstructuredtelephoneinterviews AT andreasbohn oneoutofthreebystandersofoutofhospitalcardiacarrestsshowssignsofpathologicalpsychologicalprocessingweeksaftertheincidentresultsfromstructuredtelephoneinterviews |