Determination of Intestinal Viral Loads and Distribution of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Classical Swine Fever Virus, and Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus: A Pilot Study
The aim of this pilot study was to determine viral loads and distribution over the total length, at short distances, and in the separate layers of the intestine of virus-infected animals for future inactivation studies. Two calves, two pigs, and two goats were infected with bovine viral diarrhoea vi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/9/1188 |
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| author | Tinka Jelsma Joris J. Wijnker Bregtje Smid Eline Verheij Wim H. M. van der Poel Henk J. Wisselink |
| author_facet | Tinka Jelsma Joris J. Wijnker Bregtje Smid Eline Verheij Wim H. M. van der Poel Henk J. Wisselink |
| author_sort | Tinka Jelsma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this pilot study was to determine viral loads and distribution over the total length, at short distances, and in the separate layers of the intestine of virus-infected animals for future inactivation studies. Two calves, two pigs, and two goats were infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), respectively. Homogenously distributed maximum BVDV viral loads were detected in the ileum of both calves, with a mean titer of 6.0 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>-eq/g. The viral loads in colon and caecum were not distributed homogenously. In one pig, evenly distributed CSFV mean viral loads of 4.5 and 4.2 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>-eq/g were found in the small and large intestines, respectively. Mucosa, submucosa, and muscular layer/serosa showed mean viral loads of 5.3, 3.4, and 4.0 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>-eq/g, respectively. Homogenous distribution of PPRV was shown in the ileum of both goats, with a mean viral load of 4.6 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>-eq/g. Mean mucosa, submucosa, and muscular layer/serosa viral loads were 3.5, 2.8, and 1.7 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>-eq/g, respectively. This pilot study provides essential data for setting up inactivation experiments with intestines derived from experimentally infected animals, in which the level and the homogeneous distribution of intestinal viral loads are required. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:19:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b72d83f300a46779e51888856169151 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:19:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b72d83f300a46779e518888561691512023-11-22T14:43:05ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-09-01109118810.3390/pathogens10091188Determination of Intestinal Viral Loads and Distribution of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Classical Swine Fever Virus, and Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus: A Pilot StudyTinka Jelsma0Joris J. Wijnker1Bregtje Smid2Eline Verheij3Wim H. M. van der Poel4Henk J. Wisselink5Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Wageningen University & Research (WUR), P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The NetherlandsDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.175, 3508 TD Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Wageningen University & Research (WUR), P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The NetherlandsDepartment of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Wageningen University & Research (WUR), P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The NetherlandsDepartment of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Wageningen University & Research (WUR), P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The NetherlandsDepartment of Infection Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Wageningen University & Research (WUR), P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The NetherlandsThe aim of this pilot study was to determine viral loads and distribution over the total length, at short distances, and in the separate layers of the intestine of virus-infected animals for future inactivation studies. Two calves, two pigs, and two goats were infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), respectively. Homogenously distributed maximum BVDV viral loads were detected in the ileum of both calves, with a mean titer of 6.0 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>-eq/g. The viral loads in colon and caecum were not distributed homogenously. In one pig, evenly distributed CSFV mean viral loads of 4.5 and 4.2 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>-eq/g were found in the small and large intestines, respectively. Mucosa, submucosa, and muscular layer/serosa showed mean viral loads of 5.3, 3.4, and 4.0 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>-eq/g, respectively. Homogenous distribution of PPRV was shown in the ileum of both goats, with a mean viral load of 4.6 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>-eq/g. Mean mucosa, submucosa, and muscular layer/serosa viral loads were 3.5, 2.8, and 1.7 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub>-eq/g, respectively. This pilot study provides essential data for setting up inactivation experiments with intestines derived from experimentally infected animals, in which the level and the homogeneous distribution of intestinal viral loads are required.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/9/1188bovine viral diarrhea virusclassical swine fever viruspeste des petits ruminants virusviral loadintestinemucosa |
| spellingShingle | Tinka Jelsma Joris J. Wijnker Bregtje Smid Eline Verheij Wim H. M. van der Poel Henk J. Wisselink Determination of Intestinal Viral Loads and Distribution of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Classical Swine Fever Virus, and Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus: A Pilot Study Pathogens bovine viral diarrhea virus classical swine fever virus peste des petits ruminants virus viral load intestine mucosa |
| title | Determination of Intestinal Viral Loads and Distribution of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Classical Swine Fever Virus, and Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus: A Pilot Study |
| title_full | Determination of Intestinal Viral Loads and Distribution of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Classical Swine Fever Virus, and Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus: A Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | Determination of Intestinal Viral Loads and Distribution of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Classical Swine Fever Virus, and Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus: A Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Intestinal Viral Loads and Distribution of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Classical Swine Fever Virus, and Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus: A Pilot Study |
| title_short | Determination of Intestinal Viral Loads and Distribution of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Classical Swine Fever Virus, and Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus: A Pilot Study |
| title_sort | determination of intestinal viral loads and distribution of bovine viral diarrhea virus classical swine fever virus and peste des petits ruminants virus a pilot study |
| topic | bovine viral diarrhea virus classical swine fever virus peste des petits ruminants virus viral load intestine mucosa |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/9/1188 |
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