Comparison of cell wall changes of two different types of apple cultivars during fruit development and ripening
Fruit development and ripening is a complex procedure (Malus×domestica Borkh.) and can be caused by various factors such as cell structure, cell wall components, and cell wall hydrolytic enzymes. In our study, we focused on the variations in fruit firmness, cell wall morphology and components, the a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Integrative Agriculture |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311923002423 |
| _version_ | 1797683076364500992 |
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| author | Xiang-lu LI Qiu-fang SU Rong-jian JIA Zi-dun WANG Jiang-hong FU Jian-hua GUO Hui-juan YANG Zheng-yang ZHAO |
| author_facet | Xiang-lu LI Qiu-fang SU Rong-jian JIA Zi-dun WANG Jiang-hong FU Jian-hua GUO Hui-juan YANG Zheng-yang ZHAO |
| author_sort | Xiang-lu LI |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fruit development and ripening is a complex procedure (Malus×domestica Borkh.) and can be caused by various factors such as cell structure, cell wall components, and cell wall hydrolytic enzymes. In our study, we focused on the variations in fruit firmness, cell wall morphology and components, the activity of cell wall hydrolytic enzymes and the expression patterns of associated genes during fruit development in two different types of apple cultivars, the hard-crisp cultivar and the loose-crisp cultivar. In this paper, the aim was to find out the causes of the texture variations between the different type cultivars. Cell wall materials (CWMs), hemicellulose and cellulose content were strongly associated with variations in fruit firmness during the fruit development. The content of water soluble pectin (WSP) and chelator soluble pectin (CSP) gradually increased, while the content of ionic soluble pectin (ISP) showed inconsistent trends in the four cultivars. The activities of polygalacturonase (PG), β-galactosidase (β-gal), cellulase (CEL), and pectate lyase (PL) gradually increased in four cultivars. And the activities of PG, β-gal, and CEL were higher in ‘Fuji’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit with the fruit development, while the activity of PL of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ was lower than that of ‘ENVY’ and ‘Modi’. Both four cultivars of fruit cells progressively became bigger as the fruit expanded, with looser cell arrangements and larger cell gaps. According to the qRT-PCR, the relative expression levels of MdACO and Mdβ-gal were notably enhanced. Our study showed that there were large differences in the content of ISP and hemicellulose, the activity of PL and the relative expression of Mdβ-gal between two different types of apple cultivars, and these differences might be responsible for the variations in the texture of the four cultivars. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:09:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b7b9964f8304037abebcabf277cb3fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2095-3119 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:09:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Integrative Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b7b9964f8304037abebcabf277cb3fd2023-09-16T05:30:33ZengElsevierJournal of Integrative Agriculture2095-31192023-09-0122927052718Comparison of cell wall changes of two different types of apple cultivars during fruit development and ripeningXiang-lu LI0Qiu-fang SU1Rong-jian JIA2Zi-dun WANG3Jiang-hong FU4Jian-hua GUO5Hui-juan YANG6Zheng-yang ZHAO7College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China; Apple Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, P.R.China; Correspondence YANG Hui-juanCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China; Apple Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, P.R.China; Correspondence ZHAO Zheng-yangFruit development and ripening is a complex procedure (Malus×domestica Borkh.) and can be caused by various factors such as cell structure, cell wall components, and cell wall hydrolytic enzymes. In our study, we focused on the variations in fruit firmness, cell wall morphology and components, the activity of cell wall hydrolytic enzymes and the expression patterns of associated genes during fruit development in two different types of apple cultivars, the hard-crisp cultivar and the loose-crisp cultivar. In this paper, the aim was to find out the causes of the texture variations between the different type cultivars. Cell wall materials (CWMs), hemicellulose and cellulose content were strongly associated with variations in fruit firmness during the fruit development. The content of water soluble pectin (WSP) and chelator soluble pectin (CSP) gradually increased, while the content of ionic soluble pectin (ISP) showed inconsistent trends in the four cultivars. The activities of polygalacturonase (PG), β-galactosidase (β-gal), cellulase (CEL), and pectate lyase (PL) gradually increased in four cultivars. And the activities of PG, β-gal, and CEL were higher in ‘Fuji’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit with the fruit development, while the activity of PL of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ was lower than that of ‘ENVY’ and ‘Modi’. Both four cultivars of fruit cells progressively became bigger as the fruit expanded, with looser cell arrangements and larger cell gaps. According to the qRT-PCR, the relative expression levels of MdACO and Mdβ-gal were notably enhanced. Our study showed that there were large differences in the content of ISP and hemicellulose, the activity of PL and the relative expression of Mdβ-gal between two different types of apple cultivars, and these differences might be responsible for the variations in the texture of the four cultivars.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311923002423apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.)fruit softeningcell wallfirmness |
| spellingShingle | Xiang-lu LI Qiu-fang SU Rong-jian JIA Zi-dun WANG Jiang-hong FU Jian-hua GUO Hui-juan YANG Zheng-yang ZHAO Comparison of cell wall changes of two different types of apple cultivars during fruit development and ripening Journal of Integrative Agriculture apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) fruit softening cell wall firmness |
| title | Comparison of cell wall changes of two different types of apple cultivars during fruit development and ripening |
| title_full | Comparison of cell wall changes of two different types of apple cultivars during fruit development and ripening |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of cell wall changes of two different types of apple cultivars during fruit development and ripening |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of cell wall changes of two different types of apple cultivars during fruit development and ripening |
| title_short | Comparison of cell wall changes of two different types of apple cultivars during fruit development and ripening |
| title_sort | comparison of cell wall changes of two different types of apple cultivars during fruit development and ripening |
| topic | apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) fruit softening cell wall firmness |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311923002423 |
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