<em>Enchytraeus crypticus </em>Avoid Soil Spiked with Microplastic
<b> </b>Microplastics (MPs) of varying sizes are widespread pollutants in our environment. The general opinion is that the smaller the size, the more dangerous the MPs are due to enhanced uptake possibilities. It would be of considerably ecological significance to understand the response...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/8/1/10 |
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| author | Stephan Pflugmacher Johanna H. Huttunen Marya-Anne von Wolff Olli-Pekka Penttinen Yong Jun Kim Sanghun Kim Simon M. Mitrovic Maranda Esterhuizen-Londt |
| author_facet | Stephan Pflugmacher Johanna H. Huttunen Marya-Anne von Wolff Olli-Pekka Penttinen Yong Jun Kim Sanghun Kim Simon M. Mitrovic Maranda Esterhuizen-Londt |
| author_sort | Stephan Pflugmacher |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b> </b>Microplastics (MPs) of varying sizes are widespread pollutants in our environment. The general opinion is that the smaller the size, the more dangerous the MPs are due to enhanced uptake possibilities. It would be of considerably ecological significance to understand the response of biota to microplastic contamination both physically and physiologically. Here, we report on an area choice experiment (avoidance test) using <i>Enchytraeus crypticus</i>, in which we mixed different amounts of high-density polyethylene microplastic particles into the soil. In all experimental scenarios, more Enchytraeids moved to the unspiked sections or chose a lower MP-concentration. Worms in contact with MP exhibited an enhanced oxidative stress status, measured as the induced activity of the antioxidative enzymes catalase and glutathione S-transferase. As plastic polymers per se are nontoxic, the exposure time employed was too short for chemicals to leach from the microplastic, and as the microplastic particles used in these experiments were too large (4 mm) to be consumed by the Enchytraeids, the likely cause for the avoidance and oxidative stress could be linked to altered soil properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T07:33:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b812dc3a56d4b65a02d92aedcf5b5ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T07:33:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b812dc3a56d4b65a02d92aedcf5b5ab2022-12-22T01:15:46ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042020-02-01811010.3390/toxics8010010toxics8010010<em>Enchytraeus crypticus </em>Avoid Soil Spiked with MicroplasticStephan Pflugmacher0Johanna H. Huttunen1Marya-Anne von Wolff2Olli-Pekka Penttinen3Yong Jun Kim4Sanghun Kim5Simon M. Mitrovic6Maranda Esterhuizen-Londt7Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, FinlandAquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, FinlandJoint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST Europe) Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Universität des Saarlandes Campus E7 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, GermanyAquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, FinlandJoint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST Europe) Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Universität des Saarlandes Campus E7 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, GermanyKyungsung University, Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Centre for Chemical Safety Reseach, 309, Suyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48434, KoreaSchool of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, AustraliaAquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland<b> </b>Microplastics (MPs) of varying sizes are widespread pollutants in our environment. The general opinion is that the smaller the size, the more dangerous the MPs are due to enhanced uptake possibilities. It would be of considerably ecological significance to understand the response of biota to microplastic contamination both physically and physiologically. Here, we report on an area choice experiment (avoidance test) using <i>Enchytraeus crypticus</i>, in which we mixed different amounts of high-density polyethylene microplastic particles into the soil. In all experimental scenarios, more Enchytraeids moved to the unspiked sections or chose a lower MP-concentration. Worms in contact with MP exhibited an enhanced oxidative stress status, measured as the induced activity of the antioxidative enzymes catalase and glutathione S-transferase. As plastic polymers per se are nontoxic, the exposure time employed was too short for chemicals to leach from the microplastic, and as the microplastic particles used in these experiments were too large (4 mm) to be consumed by the Enchytraeids, the likely cause for the avoidance and oxidative stress could be linked to altered soil properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/8/1/10microplastic<i>enchytraeus crypticus</i>enchytraeidsavoidance testtoxicityoxidative stresscatalaseglutathione s-transferase |
| spellingShingle | Stephan Pflugmacher Johanna H. Huttunen Marya-Anne von Wolff Olli-Pekka Penttinen Yong Jun Kim Sanghun Kim Simon M. Mitrovic Maranda Esterhuizen-Londt <em>Enchytraeus crypticus </em>Avoid Soil Spiked with Microplastic Toxics microplastic < i> enchytraeus crypticus< /i> enchytraeids avoidance test toxicity oxidative stress catalase glutathione s-transferase |
| title | <em>Enchytraeus crypticus </em>Avoid Soil Spiked with Microplastic |
| title_full | <em>Enchytraeus crypticus </em>Avoid Soil Spiked with Microplastic |
| title_fullStr | <em>Enchytraeus crypticus </em>Avoid Soil Spiked with Microplastic |
| title_full_unstemmed | <em>Enchytraeus crypticus </em>Avoid Soil Spiked with Microplastic |
| title_short | <em>Enchytraeus crypticus </em>Avoid Soil Spiked with Microplastic |
| title_sort | em enchytraeus crypticus em avoid soil spiked with microplastic |
| topic | microplastic < i> enchytraeus crypticus< /i> enchytraeids avoidance test toxicity oxidative stress catalase glutathione s-transferase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/8/1/10 |
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