A Biological Inventory of Prophages in A. baumannii Genomes Reveal Distinct Distributions in Classes, Length, and Genomic Positions
Acinetobacter baumannii is of major clinical importance as the bacterial pathogen often causes hospital acquired infections, further complicated by the high prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains. Aside from natural tolerance to certain antibiotic classes, resistance is often acquired by the exc...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.579802/full |
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| author | Belinda Loh Jiayuan Chen Prasanth Manohar Yunsong Yu Xiaoting Hua Xiaoting Hua Sebastian Leptihn Sebastian Leptihn Sebastian Leptihn |
| author_facet | Belinda Loh Jiayuan Chen Prasanth Manohar Yunsong Yu Xiaoting Hua Xiaoting Hua Sebastian Leptihn Sebastian Leptihn Sebastian Leptihn |
| author_sort | Belinda Loh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acinetobacter baumannii is of major clinical importance as the bacterial pathogen often causes hospital acquired infections, further complicated by the high prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains. Aside from natural tolerance to certain antibiotic classes, resistance is often acquired by the exchange of genetic information via conjugation but also by the high natural competence exhibited by A. baumannii. In addition, bacteriophages are able to introduce resistance genes but also toxins and virulence factors via phage mediated transduction. In this work, we analyzed the complete genomes of 177 A. baumannii strains for the occurrence of prophages, and analyzed their taxonomy, size and positions of insertion. Among all the prophages that were detected, Siphoviridae and Myoviridae were the two most commonly found families, while the average genome size was determined to be approximately 4 Mbp. Our data shows the wide variation in the number of prophages in A. baumannii genomes and the prevalence of certain prophages within strains that are most “successful” or potentially beneficial to the host. Our study also revealed that only two specific sites of insertion within the genome of the host bacterium are being used, with few exceptions only. Lastly, we analyzed the existence of genes that are encoded in the prophages, which may confer antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Several phages carry AMR genes, including OXA-23 and NDM-1, illustrating the importance of lysogenic phages in the acquisition of resistance genes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T17:43:37Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T17:43:37Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b89f733f6914452b4945e54622642a02022-12-21T18:55:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2020-12-011110.3389/fmicb.2020.579802579802A Biological Inventory of Prophages in A. baumannii Genomes Reveal Distinct Distributions in Classes, Length, and Genomic PositionsBelinda Loh0Jiayuan Chen1Prasanth Manohar2Yunsong Yu3Xiaoting Hua4Xiaoting Hua5Sebastian Leptihn6Sebastian Leptihn7Sebastian Leptihn8Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJU-UoE) Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, ChinaZhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJU-UoE) Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, ChinaZhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJU-UoE) Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, ChinaZhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJU-UoE) Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaUniversity of Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomAcinetobacter baumannii is of major clinical importance as the bacterial pathogen often causes hospital acquired infections, further complicated by the high prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains. Aside from natural tolerance to certain antibiotic classes, resistance is often acquired by the exchange of genetic information via conjugation but also by the high natural competence exhibited by A. baumannii. In addition, bacteriophages are able to introduce resistance genes but also toxins and virulence factors via phage mediated transduction. In this work, we analyzed the complete genomes of 177 A. baumannii strains for the occurrence of prophages, and analyzed their taxonomy, size and positions of insertion. Among all the prophages that were detected, Siphoviridae and Myoviridae were the two most commonly found families, while the average genome size was determined to be approximately 4 Mbp. Our data shows the wide variation in the number of prophages in A. baumannii genomes and the prevalence of certain prophages within strains that are most “successful” or potentially beneficial to the host. Our study also revealed that only two specific sites of insertion within the genome of the host bacterium are being used, with few exceptions only. Lastly, we analyzed the existence of genes that are encoded in the prophages, which may confer antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Several phages carry AMR genes, including OXA-23 and NDM-1, illustrating the importance of lysogenic phages in the acquisition of resistance genes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.579802/fullbacteriophageprophageA. baumanniihorizontal gene transferevolutionviral classification |
| spellingShingle | Belinda Loh Jiayuan Chen Prasanth Manohar Yunsong Yu Xiaoting Hua Xiaoting Hua Sebastian Leptihn Sebastian Leptihn Sebastian Leptihn A Biological Inventory of Prophages in A. baumannii Genomes Reveal Distinct Distributions in Classes, Length, and Genomic Positions Frontiers in Microbiology bacteriophage prophage A. baumannii horizontal gene transfer evolution viral classification |
| title | A Biological Inventory of Prophages in A. baumannii Genomes Reveal Distinct Distributions in Classes, Length, and Genomic Positions |
| title_full | A Biological Inventory of Prophages in A. baumannii Genomes Reveal Distinct Distributions in Classes, Length, and Genomic Positions |
| title_fullStr | A Biological Inventory of Prophages in A. baumannii Genomes Reveal Distinct Distributions in Classes, Length, and Genomic Positions |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Biological Inventory of Prophages in A. baumannii Genomes Reveal Distinct Distributions in Classes, Length, and Genomic Positions |
| title_short | A Biological Inventory of Prophages in A. baumannii Genomes Reveal Distinct Distributions in Classes, Length, and Genomic Positions |
| title_sort | biological inventory of prophages in a baumannii genomes reveal distinct distributions in classes length and genomic positions |
| topic | bacteriophage prophage A. baumannii horizontal gene transfer evolution viral classification |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.579802/full |
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