Investigation of Natural Convection and Entropy Generation in a Porous Titled Z-Staggered Cavity Saturated by TiO2-Water Nanofluid
The natural convection within enclosures along with entropy generation minimization plays a crucial role in various applications, particularly when they involve the utilization of nanofluids and porous media. This phenomenon plays a crucial role in enhancing heat transfer, fluid flow, and overall sy...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Thermofluids |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266620272300112X |
| _version_ | 1797798608818405376 |
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| author | Qusay Rasheed Al-Amir Hameed K. Hamzah Farooq H. Ali M. Hatami Wael Al-Kouz Ahmed Al-Manea Raed Al-Rbaihat Ali Alahmer |
| author_facet | Qusay Rasheed Al-Amir Hameed K. Hamzah Farooq H. Ali M. Hatami Wael Al-Kouz Ahmed Al-Manea Raed Al-Rbaihat Ali Alahmer |
| author_sort | Qusay Rasheed Al-Amir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The natural convection within enclosures along with entropy generation minimization plays a crucial role in various applications, particularly when they involve the utilization of nanofluids and porous media. This phenomenon plays a crucial role in enhancing heat transfer, fluid flow, and overall system performance. By understanding and optimizing the natural convection and entropy generation processes, it becomes possible to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of various thermal management systems, such as heat exchangers, electronic cooling systems, and renewable energy devices. Moreover, the integration of nanofluids and porous media introduces additional complexities and opportunities for enhancing heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics within enclosures. The current study investigates entropy generation (Sgen) and natural convection in a Z-staggered cavity filled with a porous media filled with a TiO2-water nanofluid. The symmetrical enclosures with dimensions of 0.6 L × 0.5 L are considered, and the media contain a porous material saturated with TiO2-water nanofluid. The wavy left and right vertical walls of the staggered enclosure were maintained hot and cold at temperatures (Th) and (Tc), respectively. All the straight horizontal walls were considered insulated and impermeable. The fundamental equations are solved using the Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM), and the results are described in detail. The key result was that raising the Rayleigh number (Ra) and nanoparticle volume fraction increased heat transmission. Specifically, increasing the Rayleigh number from (Ra = 105) to (Ra = 106) leads in an 80% increase in heat transfer. However, as the density of the nanofluid increases, the highest values of streamlines decrease. Decreasing the Darcy number (Da) educed the maximum values of the streamlines and average Nusselt number (Nu). Additionally, increasing the heat generation factor (λ) from (λ=0) to (λ=5) decreases the Nusselt number by 30%. Furthermore, the most effective streamline value was achieved at an inclination angle (γ) of 60. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:06:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b8c1d540c1947cd9026897a5b4984a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-2027 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:06:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Thermofluids |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b8c1d540c1947cd9026897a5b4984a42023-06-21T07:00:16ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Thermofluids2666-20272023-08-0119100395Investigation of Natural Convection and Entropy Generation in a Porous Titled Z-Staggered Cavity Saturated by TiO2-Water NanofluidQusay Rasheed Al-Amir0Hameed K. Hamzah1Farooq H. Ali2M. Hatami3Wael Al-Kouz4Ahmed Al-Manea5Raed Al-Rbaihat6Ali Alahmer7Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Babylon University, Babylon, IraqDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Babylon University, Babylon, IraqDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Babylon University, Babylon, IraqDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranCollege of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait; Department of Mechanical and Maintenance Engineering, School of Applied Technical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, JordanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa, IraqDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tafila Technical University, Tafila 66110, JordanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tafila Technical University, Tafila 66110, Jordan; Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America; Corresponding author.The natural convection within enclosures along with entropy generation minimization plays a crucial role in various applications, particularly when they involve the utilization of nanofluids and porous media. This phenomenon plays a crucial role in enhancing heat transfer, fluid flow, and overall system performance. By understanding and optimizing the natural convection and entropy generation processes, it becomes possible to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of various thermal management systems, such as heat exchangers, electronic cooling systems, and renewable energy devices. Moreover, the integration of nanofluids and porous media introduces additional complexities and opportunities for enhancing heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics within enclosures. The current study investigates entropy generation (Sgen) and natural convection in a Z-staggered cavity filled with a porous media filled with a TiO2-water nanofluid. The symmetrical enclosures with dimensions of 0.6 L × 0.5 L are considered, and the media contain a porous material saturated with TiO2-water nanofluid. The wavy left and right vertical walls of the staggered enclosure were maintained hot and cold at temperatures (Th) and (Tc), respectively. All the straight horizontal walls were considered insulated and impermeable. The fundamental equations are solved using the Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM), and the results are described in detail. The key result was that raising the Rayleigh number (Ra) and nanoparticle volume fraction increased heat transmission. Specifically, increasing the Rayleigh number from (Ra = 105) to (Ra = 106) leads in an 80% increase in heat transfer. However, as the density of the nanofluid increases, the highest values of streamlines decrease. Decreasing the Darcy number (Da) educed the maximum values of the streamlines and average Nusselt number (Nu). Additionally, increasing the heat generation factor (λ) from (λ=0) to (λ=5) decreases the Nusselt number by 30%. Furthermore, the most effective streamline value was achieved at an inclination angle (γ) of 60.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266620272300112XNatural convectionPorous mediumNanofluidStaggered enclosureCorrugated wall |
| spellingShingle | Qusay Rasheed Al-Amir Hameed K. Hamzah Farooq H. Ali M. Hatami Wael Al-Kouz Ahmed Al-Manea Raed Al-Rbaihat Ali Alahmer Investigation of Natural Convection and Entropy Generation in a Porous Titled Z-Staggered Cavity Saturated by TiO2-Water Nanofluid International Journal of Thermofluids Natural convection Porous medium Nanofluid Staggered enclosure Corrugated wall |
| title | Investigation of Natural Convection and Entropy Generation in a Porous Titled Z-Staggered Cavity Saturated by TiO2-Water Nanofluid |
| title_full | Investigation of Natural Convection and Entropy Generation in a Porous Titled Z-Staggered Cavity Saturated by TiO2-Water Nanofluid |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of Natural Convection and Entropy Generation in a Porous Titled Z-Staggered Cavity Saturated by TiO2-Water Nanofluid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of Natural Convection and Entropy Generation in a Porous Titled Z-Staggered Cavity Saturated by TiO2-Water Nanofluid |
| title_short | Investigation of Natural Convection and Entropy Generation in a Porous Titled Z-Staggered Cavity Saturated by TiO2-Water Nanofluid |
| title_sort | investigation of natural convection and entropy generation in a porous titled z staggered cavity saturated by tio2 water nanofluid |
| topic | Natural convection Porous medium Nanofluid Staggered enclosure Corrugated wall |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266620272300112X |
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