MAIT Cells and Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases
The functions of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in homeostatic conditions include the interaction with the microbiota and its products, the protection of body barriers, and the mounting of a tissue-repair response to injuries or infections. Dysfunction of MAIT cells and dysbiosis occur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/6/1132 |
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| author | Rosella Mechelli Silvia Romano Carmela Romano Emanuele Morena Maria Chiara Buscarinu Rachele Bigi Gianmarco Bellucci Roberta Reniè Giulia Pellicciari Marco Salvetti Giovanni Ristori |
| author_facet | Rosella Mechelli Silvia Romano Carmela Romano Emanuele Morena Maria Chiara Buscarinu Rachele Bigi Gianmarco Bellucci Roberta Reniè Giulia Pellicciari Marco Salvetti Giovanni Ristori |
| author_sort | Rosella Mechelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The functions of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in homeostatic conditions include the interaction with the microbiota and its products, the protection of body barriers, and the mounting of a tissue-repair response to injuries or infections. Dysfunction of MAIT cells and dysbiosis occur in common chronic diseases of inflammatory, metabolic, and tumor nature. This review is aimed at analyzing the changes of MAIT cells, as well as of the microbiota, in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders. Common features of dysbiosis in these conditions are the reduced richness of microbial species and the unbalance between pro-inflammatory and immune regulatory components of the gut microbiota. The literature concerning MAIT cells in these disorders is rather complex, and sometimes not consistent. In multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune conditions, several studies have been done, or are in progress, to find correlations between intestinal permeability, dysbiosis, MAIT cell responses, and clinical biomarkers in treated and treatment-naïve patients. The final aims are to explain what activates MAIT cells in diseases not primarily infective, which interactions with the microbiota are potentially pathogenic, and their dynamics related to disease course and disease-modifying treatments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:05:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b8ec5cc583c4a219f5aecf2edf34e8b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:05:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b8ec5cc583c4a219f5aecf2edf34e8b2023-11-21T21:11:36ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-05-0196113210.3390/microorganisms9061132MAIT Cells and Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune DiseasesRosella Mechelli0Silvia Romano1Carmela Romano2Emanuele Morena3Maria Chiara Buscarinu4Rachele Bigi5Gianmarco Bellucci6Roberta Reniè7Giulia Pellicciari8Marco Salvetti9Giovanni Ristori10Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, ItalyCentre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, ItalyCentre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, ItalyCentre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, ItalyCentre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, ItalyCentre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, ItalyCentre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, ItalyCentre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, ItalyCentre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, ItalyCentre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, ItalyCentre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, ItalyThe functions of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in homeostatic conditions include the interaction with the microbiota and its products, the protection of body barriers, and the mounting of a tissue-repair response to injuries or infections. Dysfunction of MAIT cells and dysbiosis occur in common chronic diseases of inflammatory, metabolic, and tumor nature. This review is aimed at analyzing the changes of MAIT cells, as well as of the microbiota, in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders. Common features of dysbiosis in these conditions are the reduced richness of microbial species and the unbalance between pro-inflammatory and immune regulatory components of the gut microbiota. The literature concerning MAIT cells in these disorders is rather complex, and sometimes not consistent. In multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune conditions, several studies have been done, or are in progress, to find correlations between intestinal permeability, dysbiosis, MAIT cell responses, and clinical biomarkers in treated and treatment-naïve patients. The final aims are to explain what activates MAIT cells in diseases not primarily infective, which interactions with the microbiota are potentially pathogenic, and their dynamics related to disease course and disease-modifying treatments.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/6/1132autoimmune diseasemucosal-associated invariant T cellsmicrobiotamultiple sclerosissystemic lupus erythematosusinflammatory arthritis |
| spellingShingle | Rosella Mechelli Silvia Romano Carmela Romano Emanuele Morena Maria Chiara Buscarinu Rachele Bigi Gianmarco Bellucci Roberta Reniè Giulia Pellicciari Marco Salvetti Giovanni Ristori MAIT Cells and Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases Microorganisms autoimmune disease mucosal-associated invariant T cells microbiota multiple sclerosis systemic lupus erythematosus inflammatory arthritis |
| title | MAIT Cells and Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_full | MAIT Cells and Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_fullStr | MAIT Cells and Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | MAIT Cells and Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_short | MAIT Cells and Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases |
| title_sort | mait cells and microbiota in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases |
| topic | autoimmune disease mucosal-associated invariant T cells microbiota multiple sclerosis systemic lupus erythematosus inflammatory arthritis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/6/1132 |
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