Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of the Root Extract of the Carnivorous Pitcher Plant <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i>
The carnivorous pitcher plant <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> exhibits many ethnobotanical uses, including the treatments of type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis-like symptoms. In this study, we prepared different extracts from the leaves (pitchers), stems, and roots of <i>S. purpurea</i...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/13/1668 |
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| author | Yen-Hua Huang Wei-Yu Chiang Pin-Jui Chen En-Shyh Lin Cheng-Yang Huang |
| author_facet | Yen-Hua Huang Wei-Yu Chiang Pin-Jui Chen En-Shyh Lin Cheng-Yang Huang |
| author_sort | Yen-Hua Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The carnivorous pitcher plant <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> exhibits many ethnobotanical uses, including the treatments of type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis-like symptoms. In this study, we prepared different extracts from the leaves (pitchers), stems, and roots of <i>S. purpurea</i> and investigated their antioxidant and anticancer properties. To evaluate the extraction efficiency, we individually used different solvents, namely methanol, ethanol, acetone, and distilled water, for <i>S. purpurea</i> extract preparations. The root extract of <i>S. purpurea</i>, obtained by 100% acetone (<i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i>), had the highest anticancer activities, antioxidation capacity (the DPPH activity with IC<sub>50</sub> of 89.3 ± 2.2 μg/mL), antibacterial activities, total phenolic content (33.4 ± 0.7 mg GAE/g), and total flavonoid content (107.9 ± 2.2 mg QUE/g). The most abundant compounds in <i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i> were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; 7,8-Dihydro-α-ionone was the major compound present in <i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i>. In addition, the co-cytotoxicity of <i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i> (combined with the clinical anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the survival, apoptosis, proliferation, and migration of the 4T1 mammary carcinoma) was examined. The combination of 5-FU with <i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i> could be highly efficient for anti-4T1 cells. We also found that <i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i> could inhibit the enzymatic activity of human dihydroorotase (huDHOase), an attractive target for potential anticancer chemotherapy. The sic most abundant compounds in <i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i> were tested using an in silico analysis via MOE-Dock software for their binding affinities. The top-ranked docking conformations were observed for 7,8-dihydro-α-ionone and stigmast-5-en-3-ol, suggesting the inhibition potential against huDHOase. Overall, the collective data in this study may indicate the pharmacological potentials of <i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i> for possible medical applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:39:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b915c119cbf46618273b56458583025 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:39:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7b915c119cbf46618273b564585830252023-11-30T22:19:07ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-06-011113166810.3390/plants11131668Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of the Root Extract of the Carnivorous Pitcher Plant <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i>Yen-Hua Huang0Wei-Yu Chiang1Pin-Jui Chen2En-Shyh Lin3Cheng-Yang Huang4Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, TaiwanDepartment of Beauty Science, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung City 403, TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, TaiwanThe carnivorous pitcher plant <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> exhibits many ethnobotanical uses, including the treatments of type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis-like symptoms. In this study, we prepared different extracts from the leaves (pitchers), stems, and roots of <i>S. purpurea</i> and investigated their antioxidant and anticancer properties. To evaluate the extraction efficiency, we individually used different solvents, namely methanol, ethanol, acetone, and distilled water, for <i>S. purpurea</i> extract preparations. The root extract of <i>S. purpurea</i>, obtained by 100% acetone (<i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i>), had the highest anticancer activities, antioxidation capacity (the DPPH activity with IC<sub>50</sub> of 89.3 ± 2.2 μg/mL), antibacterial activities, total phenolic content (33.4 ± 0.7 mg GAE/g), and total flavonoid content (107.9 ± 2.2 mg QUE/g). The most abundant compounds in <i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i> were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; 7,8-Dihydro-α-ionone was the major compound present in <i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i>. In addition, the co-cytotoxicity of <i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i> (combined with the clinical anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the survival, apoptosis, proliferation, and migration of the 4T1 mammary carcinoma) was examined. The combination of 5-FU with <i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i> could be highly efficient for anti-4T1 cells. We also found that <i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i> could inhibit the enzymatic activity of human dihydroorotase (huDHOase), an attractive target for potential anticancer chemotherapy. The sic most abundant compounds in <i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i> were tested using an in silico analysis via MOE-Dock software for their binding affinities. The top-ranked docking conformations were observed for 7,8-dihydro-α-ionone and stigmast-5-en-3-ol, suggesting the inhibition potential against huDHOase. Overall, the collective data in this study may indicate the pharmacological potentials of <i>S. purpurea-root-acetone</i> for possible medical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/13/1668carnivorous plant<i>Sarracenia purpurea</i>anticancer4T1 mammary carcinomaantioxidationantibacterial |
| spellingShingle | Yen-Hua Huang Wei-Yu Chiang Pin-Jui Chen En-Shyh Lin Cheng-Yang Huang Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of the Root Extract of the Carnivorous Pitcher Plant <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> Plants carnivorous plant <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> anticancer 4T1 mammary carcinoma antioxidation antibacterial |
| title | Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of the Root Extract of the Carnivorous Pitcher Plant <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> |
| title_full | Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of the Root Extract of the Carnivorous Pitcher Plant <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> |
| title_fullStr | Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of the Root Extract of the Carnivorous Pitcher Plant <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of the Root Extract of the Carnivorous Pitcher Plant <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> |
| title_short | Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of the Root Extract of the Carnivorous Pitcher Plant <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> |
| title_sort | anticancer and antioxidant activities of the root extract of the carnivorous pitcher plant i sarracenia purpurea i |
| topic | carnivorous plant <i>Sarracenia purpurea</i> anticancer 4T1 mammary carcinoma antioxidation antibacterial |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/13/1668 |
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