The genetically encoded tool set for investigating cAMP: more than the sum of its parts
Intracellular fluctuations of the second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) are regulated with spatial and temporal precision. This regulation is supported by the sophisticated arrangement of cyclases, phosphodiesterases, anchoring proteins and receptors for cAMP. Discovery of these nuances to cAMP signali...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphar.2015.00164/full |
| _version_ | 1819138514712788992 |
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| author | Neha ePatel Matthew G Gold |
| author_facet | Neha ePatel Matthew G Gold |
| author_sort | Neha ePatel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Intracellular fluctuations of the second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) are regulated with spatial and temporal precision. This regulation is supported by the sophisticated arrangement of cyclases, phosphodiesterases, anchoring proteins and receptors for cAMP. Discovery of these nuances to cAMP signaling has been facilitated by the development of genetically encodable tools for monitoring and manipulating cAMP and the proteins that support cAMP signaling. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art in development of different genetically encoded tools for sensing cAMP and the activity of its primary intracellular receptor protein kinase A (PKA). We introduce sequences for encoding adenylyl cyclases that enable cAMP levels to be artificially elevated within cells. We chart the evolution of sequences for selectively modifying protein-protein interactions that support cAMP signaling, and for driving cAMP sensors and manipulators to different subcellular locations. Importantly, these different genetically encoded tools can be applied synergistically, and we highlight notable instances that take advantage of this property. Finally, we consider prospects for extending the utility of the toolset to support further insights into the role of cAMP in health and disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T11:07:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b9dcb9622dc41f9b28ac5826de52cc1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T11:07:59Z |
| publishDate | 2015-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b9dcb9622dc41f9b28ac5826de52cc12022-12-21T18:28:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122015-08-01610.3389/fphar.2015.00164152616The genetically encoded tool set for investigating cAMP: more than the sum of its partsNeha ePatel0Matthew G Gold1UCLUCLIntracellular fluctuations of the second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) are regulated with spatial and temporal precision. This regulation is supported by the sophisticated arrangement of cyclases, phosphodiesterases, anchoring proteins and receptors for cAMP. Discovery of these nuances to cAMP signaling has been facilitated by the development of genetically encodable tools for monitoring and manipulating cAMP and the proteins that support cAMP signaling. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art in development of different genetically encoded tools for sensing cAMP and the activity of its primary intracellular receptor protein kinase A (PKA). We introduce sequences for encoding adenylyl cyclases that enable cAMP levels to be artificially elevated within cells. We chart the evolution of sequences for selectively modifying protein-protein interactions that support cAMP signaling, and for driving cAMP sensors and manipulators to different subcellular locations. Importantly, these different genetically encoded tools can be applied synergistically, and we highlight notable instances that take advantage of this property. Finally, we consider prospects for extending the utility of the toolset to support further insights into the role of cAMP in health and disease.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphar.2015.00164/fulladenylyl cyclasecAMPphosphodiesteraseAKAPPKA |
| spellingShingle | Neha ePatel Matthew G Gold The genetically encoded tool set for investigating cAMP: more than the sum of its parts Frontiers in Pharmacology adenylyl cyclase cAMP phosphodiesterase AKAP PKA |
| title | The genetically encoded tool set for investigating cAMP: more than the sum of its parts |
| title_full | The genetically encoded tool set for investigating cAMP: more than the sum of its parts |
| title_fullStr | The genetically encoded tool set for investigating cAMP: more than the sum of its parts |
| title_full_unstemmed | The genetically encoded tool set for investigating cAMP: more than the sum of its parts |
| title_short | The genetically encoded tool set for investigating cAMP: more than the sum of its parts |
| title_sort | genetically encoded tool set for investigating camp more than the sum of its parts |
| topic | adenylyl cyclase cAMP phosphodiesterase AKAP PKA |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphar.2015.00164/full |
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