Secure Smart Contract Based on Blockchain to Prevent the Non-Repudiation Phenomenon
Blockchain is an innovative technology that has gained interest in all sectors in the era of digital transformation where it manages transactions and saves them in a database. With the increasing financial transactions and the rapidly developed society with growing businesses many people looking fo...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Arabic |
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College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Baghdad Science Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/8164 |
| _version_ | 1797366000197304320 |
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| author | Noor Sabah Mohammed Omar Abdulrahman Dawood Ali Makki Sagheer Ahmed Adil Nafea |
| author_facet | Noor Sabah Mohammed Omar Abdulrahman Dawood Ali Makki Sagheer Ahmed Adil Nafea |
| author_sort | Noor Sabah Mohammed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Blockchain is an innovative technology that has gained interest in all sectors in the era of digital transformation where it manages transactions and saves them in a database. With the increasing financial transactions and the rapidly developed society with growing businesses many people looking for the dream of a better financially independent life, stray from large corporations and organizations to form startups and small businesses. Recently, the increasing demand for employees or institutes to prepare and manage contracts, papers, and the verifications process, in addition to human mistakes led to the emergence of a smart contract. The smart contract has been developed to save time and provide more confidence while dealing, as well as to cover the security aspects of digital management and to solve negotiation concerns. The smart contract was employed in creating a distributed ledger to eliminate the need for centralization. In this paper, a simple prototype has been implemented for the smart contract integrated with blockchain which is simulated in a local server with a set of nodes. Several security objectives, such as confidentiality, authorization, integrity, and non-repudiation, have been achieved in the proposed system. Besides, the paper discussed the importance of using the Blockchain technique, and how it contributed to the management of transactions in addition to how it was implemented in highly transparent real-estate scenarios. The smart contract was employed in creating a distributed ledger to eliminate the need for centralization. The elliptic-curve public key has been adopted as an alternative for the RSA in a signature generation/verification process and encryption protocol. For secure transactions, The Secure Socket Layer (SSL) also has been adopted as a secure layer in the web browser. The results have been investigated and evaluated from different aspects and the implementation was in a restricted environment. Experiments showed us the complexity of time and cost when using the (ECC) algorithm and using (RSA) algorithm depending on the size and length of the key. So if the size of the key in (ECC) equals (160) bits, and it corresponds to (1024) bits in (RSA), which is equivalent to 40% for (ECC) and 30% for (RSA). As a result, the (ECC) algorithm is complex, its key is smaller and the process of generating the key is faster, so it has achieved a high level of security.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:57:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7b9ed4b0ae0542368444074e0437f607 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2078-8665 2411-7986 |
| language | Arabic |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:57:56Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Baghdad Science Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-7b9ed4b0ae0542368444074e0437f6072024-01-04T20:03:02ZaraCollege of Science for Women, University of BaghdadBaghdad Science Journal2078-86652411-79862024-01-0121110.21123/bsj.2023.8164Secure Smart Contract Based on Blockchain to Prevent the Non-Repudiation PhenomenonNoor Sabah Mohammed0Omar Abdulrahman Dawood1Ali Makki Sagheer2Ahmed Adil Nafea3 College of Computer Science and IT, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq College of Computer Science and IT, University of Anbar, Ramadi, IraqCollege of Computer Science and IT, University of Anbar, Ramadi, IraqCenter for Artificial Intelligence Technology (CAIT), Faculty of Information Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Blockchain is an innovative technology that has gained interest in all sectors in the era of digital transformation where it manages transactions and saves them in a database. With the increasing financial transactions and the rapidly developed society with growing businesses many people looking for the dream of a better financially independent life, stray from large corporations and organizations to form startups and small businesses. Recently, the increasing demand for employees or institutes to prepare and manage contracts, papers, and the verifications process, in addition to human mistakes led to the emergence of a smart contract. The smart contract has been developed to save time and provide more confidence while dealing, as well as to cover the security aspects of digital management and to solve negotiation concerns. The smart contract was employed in creating a distributed ledger to eliminate the need for centralization. In this paper, a simple prototype has been implemented for the smart contract integrated with blockchain which is simulated in a local server with a set of nodes. Several security objectives, such as confidentiality, authorization, integrity, and non-repudiation, have been achieved in the proposed system. Besides, the paper discussed the importance of using the Blockchain technique, and how it contributed to the management of transactions in addition to how it was implemented in highly transparent real-estate scenarios. The smart contract was employed in creating a distributed ledger to eliminate the need for centralization. The elliptic-curve public key has been adopted as an alternative for the RSA in a signature generation/verification process and encryption protocol. For secure transactions, The Secure Socket Layer (SSL) also has been adopted as a secure layer in the web browser. The results have been investigated and evaluated from different aspects and the implementation was in a restricted environment. Experiments showed us the complexity of time and cost when using the (ECC) algorithm and using (RSA) algorithm depending on the size and length of the key. So if the size of the key in (ECC) equals (160) bits, and it corresponds to (1024) bits in (RSA), which is equivalent to 40% for (ECC) and 30% for (RSA). As a result, the (ECC) algorithm is complex, its key is smaller and the process of generating the key is faster, so it has achieved a high level of security. https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/8164Blockchain, Cryptography, Digital Signature, Hash Function, Non-Repudiation, Smart contract. |
| spellingShingle | Noor Sabah Mohammed Omar Abdulrahman Dawood Ali Makki Sagheer Ahmed Adil Nafea Secure Smart Contract Based on Blockchain to Prevent the Non-Repudiation Phenomenon Baghdad Science Journal Blockchain, Cryptography, Digital Signature, Hash Function, Non-Repudiation, Smart contract. |
| title | Secure Smart Contract Based on Blockchain to Prevent the Non-Repudiation Phenomenon |
| title_full | Secure Smart Contract Based on Blockchain to Prevent the Non-Repudiation Phenomenon |
| title_fullStr | Secure Smart Contract Based on Blockchain to Prevent the Non-Repudiation Phenomenon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Secure Smart Contract Based on Blockchain to Prevent the Non-Repudiation Phenomenon |
| title_short | Secure Smart Contract Based on Blockchain to Prevent the Non-Repudiation Phenomenon |
| title_sort | secure smart contract based on blockchain to prevent the non repudiation phenomenon |
| topic | Blockchain, Cryptography, Digital Signature, Hash Function, Non-Repudiation, Smart contract. |
| url | https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/8164 |
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