A Neurochemical and Electrophysiological Study on the Combined Effects of Caffeine and Nicotine in the Cortex of Rats
Introduction: Caffeine and nicotine are the most widely consumed psychostimulants worldwide. Although the effects of each drug alone on the central nervous system have been studied extensively, the literature on the neurochemical and electrophysiological effects of their combined treatments is scarc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Iran University of Medical Sciences
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Basic and Clinical Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1631-en.html |
| _version_ | 1797284999882342400 |
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| author | Iman M. Mourad Neveen A. Noor Haitham S. Mohammed Heba S. Aboul Ezz Yasser A. Khadrawy |
| author_facet | Iman M. Mourad Neveen A. Noor Haitham S. Mohammed Heba S. Aboul Ezz Yasser A. Khadrawy |
| author_sort | Iman M. Mourad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Caffeine and nicotine are the most widely consumed psychostimulants worldwide. Although the effects of each drug alone on the central nervous system have been studied extensively, the literature on the neurochemical and electrophysiological effects of their combined treatments is scarce. The present study investigated the cortical electrophysiological and neurochemical alterations induced by acute administration of caffeine and nicotine in rats.
Methods: The rats received caffeine and nicotine at a 1-hour interval between the two treatments.
Results: Caffeine and nicotine administration resulted in a significant decrease in the concentrations of cortical amino acid neurotransmitters, namely glutamate, aspartate, glycine, and taurine, while γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) significantly increased. Increased cortical lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione and nitric oxide levels and acetylcholinesterase and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activities were also observed. The Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed an increase in delta frequency power band, whereas theta, beta-1, and beta-2 decreased after caffeine and nicotine treatment.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that caffeine and nicotine adversely exacerbate their stimulant effects manifested by the EEG changes mediated by increasing cholinergic transmission and disturbing the balance between the excitatory and inhibitory amino acids leading to oxidative stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:55:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7baa8f7172f14bf880f8fbe97559c280 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2008-126X 2228-7442 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:55:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Iran University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Basic and Clinical Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-7baa8f7172f14bf880f8fbe97559c2802024-03-02T12:15:58ZengIran University of Medical SciencesBasic and Clinical Neuroscience2008-126X2228-74422021-09-01125681692A Neurochemical and Electrophysiological Study on the Combined Effects of Caffeine and Nicotine in the Cortex of RatsIman M. Mourad0Neveen A. Noor1Haitham S. Mohammed2Heba S. Aboul Ezz3Yasser A. Khadrawy4 Department of Zoology, School of Science, Cairo University, Egypt. Department of Zoology, School of Science, Cairo University, Egypt. Department of Biophysics, School of Science, Cairo University, Egypt. Department of Zoology, School of Science, Cairo University, Egypt. Department of Medical Physiology, Medical Division, National Research Center, Egypt. Introduction: Caffeine and nicotine are the most widely consumed psychostimulants worldwide. Although the effects of each drug alone on the central nervous system have been studied extensively, the literature on the neurochemical and electrophysiological effects of their combined treatments is scarce. The present study investigated the cortical electrophysiological and neurochemical alterations induced by acute administration of caffeine and nicotine in rats. Methods: The rats received caffeine and nicotine at a 1-hour interval between the two treatments. Results: Caffeine and nicotine administration resulted in a significant decrease in the concentrations of cortical amino acid neurotransmitters, namely glutamate, aspartate, glycine, and taurine, while γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) significantly increased. Increased cortical lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione and nitric oxide levels and acetylcholinesterase and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activities were also observed. The Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed an increase in delta frequency power band, whereas theta, beta-1, and beta-2 decreased after caffeine and nicotine treatment. Conclusion: These findings suggest that caffeine and nicotine adversely exacerbate their stimulant effects manifested by the EEG changes mediated by increasing cholinergic transmission and disturbing the balance between the excitatory and inhibitory amino acids leading to oxidative stress.http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1631-en.htmlcaffeinenicotineelectroencephalogramoxidative stressamino acid neurotransmitters |
| spellingShingle | Iman M. Mourad Neveen A. Noor Haitham S. Mohammed Heba S. Aboul Ezz Yasser A. Khadrawy A Neurochemical and Electrophysiological Study on the Combined Effects of Caffeine and Nicotine in the Cortex of Rats Basic and Clinical Neuroscience caffeine nicotine electroencephalogram oxidative stress amino acid neurotransmitters |
| title | A Neurochemical and Electrophysiological Study on the Combined Effects of Caffeine and Nicotine in the Cortex of Rats |
| title_full | A Neurochemical and Electrophysiological Study on the Combined Effects of Caffeine and Nicotine in the Cortex of Rats |
| title_fullStr | A Neurochemical and Electrophysiological Study on the Combined Effects of Caffeine and Nicotine in the Cortex of Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Neurochemical and Electrophysiological Study on the Combined Effects of Caffeine and Nicotine in the Cortex of Rats |
| title_short | A Neurochemical and Electrophysiological Study on the Combined Effects of Caffeine and Nicotine in the Cortex of Rats |
| title_sort | neurochemical and electrophysiological study on the combined effects of caffeine and nicotine in the cortex of rats |
| topic | caffeine nicotine electroencephalogram oxidative stress amino acid neurotransmitters |
| url | http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1631-en.html |
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