Specific manifestation of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on crop losses

Background. Enzymomycotic depletion of grain leads to a significant decrease in the dry matter mass of the grain, as the intensity of respiration increases, protein substances break down, enzymes (in particular, α-amylase) pass from the adsorbed form to the water-soluble one, and their activity incr...

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Main Authors: Ihor Voloshchuk, Oleksandra Voloshchuk, Oleh Stasiv, Halyna Panakhyd, Valentyna Hlyva, Halyna Bilovus, Ulyana Ilchyniak, Oksana Mamchur, Oksana Kovalchuk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка 2023-12-01
Series:Біологічні студії
Subjects:
Online Access:http://publications.lnu.edu.ua/journals/index.php/biology/article/view/3482
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author Ihor Voloshchuk
Oleksandra Voloshchuk
Oleh Stasiv
Halyna Panakhyd
Valentyna Hlyva
Halyna Bilovus
Ulyana Ilchyniak
Oksana Mamchur
Oksana Kovalchuk
author_facet Ihor Voloshchuk
Oleksandra Voloshchuk
Oleh Stasiv
Halyna Panakhyd
Valentyna Hlyva
Halyna Bilovus
Ulyana Ilchyniak
Oksana Mamchur
Oksana Kovalchuk
author_sort Ihor Voloshchuk
collection DOAJ
description Background. Enzymomycotic depletion of grain leads to a significant decrease in the dry matter mass of the grain, as the intensity of respiration increases, protein substances break down, enzymes (in particular, α-amylase) pass from the adsorbed form to the water-soluble one, and their activity increases sharply. One of the consequences of this is the intensive amylolysis of starch, which means a significant deterioration in the technological indicators of the quality of grain and seeds. Materials and Methods. This study gives a thorough description of the process of enzymomycotic depletion of grain of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sowing rye (Secale cereale L.), winter triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) depending on abiotic factors and the sources of resistance to ear diseases 4, 8, 12 days after the onset of full ripeness in the conditions of the western forest-steppe of Ukraine (2019–2021). Research methods – general scientific, field, measurement and weight, mathematical and statistical. Results and Discussion. According to the obtained results, the dependence of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on abiotic factors was established. The development of ear diseases depended both on weather factors and on the ecological plasticity of the cultivar. The highest percentage of the distribution of ear sepsoria was observed on the 12th day after the onset of full ripeness: wheat – 3.3 %, rye – 2.4 %, triticale – 1.9 %, fusarium, respectively 2.4 %, 1.9 %, 1 %, 8 %. The loss of dry matter in the weight of 1000 grains depended on the ecotype of the cultivar and the duration of the grain stan­ding time 4, 8, and 12 days after full ripeness. Conclusion. The following cultivars were most resistant to EMDG: Oberih Myronivsky (wheat), Kobza (rye), Obrij Myronivsky (triticale); their base seed production profitability rates being 75.1 %, 116.6 %, and 146.8 %, respectively. The results of the study can be used in the selection of varieties of winter grain crops resistant to enzymomycotic grain depletion for the western forest-steppe and Polissya zones of Ukraine, where breeding work on these crops is not carried out and agricultural producers purchase seeds of new varieties from the originating institutions of the central forest-steppe to introduce them into production.
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spelling doaj.art-7bbbde9c5e0244198d7478dec70165112023-12-29T15:01:55ZengЛьвівський національний університет імені Івана ФранкаБіологічні студії1996-45362311-07832023-12-0117410311610.30970/sbi.1704.739Specific manifestation of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on crop lossesIhor Voloshchuk0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2944-8656Oleksandra Voloshchuk1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2509-9452Oleh Stasiv2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3737-739XHalyna Panakhyd3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8545-2580Valentyna Hlyva4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9033-6549Halyna Bilovus5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7527-5832Ulyana Ilchyniak6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7817-0232Oksana Mamchur7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2877-4273Oksana Kovalchuk8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8583-4877Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of National Academy Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of National Academy Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of National Academy Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of National Academy Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of National Academy Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of National Academy Agricultural SciencesInstitute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of National Academy Agricultural SciencesIvan Franko National University of LvivLviv National University of Nature Management of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and FoodBackground. Enzymomycotic depletion of grain leads to a significant decrease in the dry matter mass of the grain, as the intensity of respiration increases, protein substances break down, enzymes (in particular, α-amylase) pass from the adsorbed form to the water-soluble one, and their activity increases sharply. One of the consequences of this is the intensive amylolysis of starch, which means a significant deterioration in the technological indicators of the quality of grain and seeds. Materials and Methods. This study gives a thorough description of the process of enzymomycotic depletion of grain of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sowing rye (Secale cereale L.), winter triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) depending on abiotic factors and the sources of resistance to ear diseases 4, 8, 12 days after the onset of full ripeness in the conditions of the western forest-steppe of Ukraine (2019–2021). Research methods – general scientific, field, measurement and weight, mathematical and statistical. Results and Discussion. According to the obtained results, the dependence of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on abiotic factors was established. The development of ear diseases depended both on weather factors and on the ecological plasticity of the cultivar. The highest percentage of the distribution of ear sepsoria was observed on the 12th day after the onset of full ripeness: wheat – 3.3 %, rye – 2.4 %, triticale – 1.9 %, fusarium, respectively 2.4 %, 1.9 %, 1 %, 8 %. The loss of dry matter in the weight of 1000 grains depended on the ecotype of the cultivar and the duration of the grain stan­ding time 4, 8, and 12 days after full ripeness. Conclusion. The following cultivars were most resistant to EMDG: Oberih Myronivsky (wheat), Kobza (rye), Obrij Myronivsky (triticale); their base seed production profitability rates being 75.1 %, 116.6 %, and 146.8 %, respectively. The results of the study can be used in the selection of varieties of winter grain crops resistant to enzymomycotic grain depletion for the western forest-steppe and Polissya zones of Ukraine, where breeding work on these crops is not carried out and agricultural producers purchase seeds of new varieties from the originating institutions of the central forest-steppe to introduce them into production.http://publications.lnu.edu.ua/journals/index.php/biology/article/view/3482culturecultivarweather factorsdiseasesproductivityweight loss of 1000 grainsprofitability
spellingShingle Ihor Voloshchuk
Oleksandra Voloshchuk
Oleh Stasiv
Halyna Panakhyd
Valentyna Hlyva
Halyna Bilovus
Ulyana Ilchyniak
Oksana Mamchur
Oksana Kovalchuk
Specific manifestation of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on crop losses
Біологічні студії
culture
cultivar
weather factors
diseases
productivity
weight loss of 1000 grains
profitability
title Specific manifestation of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on crop losses
title_full Specific manifestation of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on crop losses
title_fullStr Specific manifestation of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on crop losses
title_full_unstemmed Specific manifestation of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on crop losses
title_short Specific manifestation of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on crop losses
title_sort specific manifestation of enzymomycotic depletion of grain on crop losses
topic culture
cultivar
weather factors
diseases
productivity
weight loss of 1000 grains
profitability
url http://publications.lnu.edu.ua/journals/index.php/biology/article/view/3482
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