| Summary: | The one-pot, three-component cyclization reaction a wide variety of aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and β-keto ester compounds was performed in a simple manner. The reactions carried out in the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) as a profitable, green, and efficient catalyst at room temperature. Optimization experiments indicate that the amount of 17 mol% of loaded NaCl is sufficient to catalyze the reaction. Among the advantages of this NaCl-catalyzed method are availability of catalyst, no need for catalyst synthesis in several steps, commercially available reactants, use of aqueous conditions, clean synthesis, non-inflammable reaction medium, no environmental pollution, safety, cost-effectiveness, pot-economy, optimum efficiency, carbon efficiency, and economy of reaction steps. Due to the absence of harmful solvents, the use of sodium chloride as an abundant, low-cost, and useful catalyst, and the use of water as a solvent, this method is considered a green synthesis.
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