A Programmable Crypto-Processor for National Institute of Standards and Technology Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Based on the RISC-V Architecture
The advancement of quantum computing threatens the security of conventional public-key cryptosystems. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) was introduced to ensure data confidentiality in communication channels, and various algorithms are being developed. The National Institute of Standards and Technolog...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9408 |
| _version_ | 1827592039862108160 |
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| author | Jihye Lee Whijin Kim Ji-Hoon Kim |
| author_facet | Jihye Lee Whijin Kim Ji-Hoon Kim |
| author_sort | Jihye Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The advancement of quantum computing threatens the security of conventional public-key cryptosystems. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) was introduced to ensure data confidentiality in communication channels, and various algorithms are being developed. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has initiated PQC standardization, and the selected algorithms for standardization and round 4 candidates were announced in 2022. Due to the large memory footprint and highly repetitive operations, there have been numerous attempts to accelerate PQC on both hardware and software. This paper introduces the RISC-V instruction set extension for NIST PQC standard algorithms and round 4 candidates. The proposed programmable crypto-processor can support a wide range of PQC algorithms with the extended RISC-V instruction set and demonstrates significant reductions in code size, the number of executed instructions, and execution cycle counts of target operations in PQC algorithms of up to 79%, 92%, and 87%, respectively, compared to RV64IM with optimization level 3 (-O3) in the GNU toolchain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:43:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7bc0b6355e394697a8d5d4223eba34d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:43:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-7bc0b6355e394697a8d5d4223eba34d82023-12-08T15:25:52ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-11-012323940810.3390/s23239408A Programmable Crypto-Processor for National Institute of Standards and Technology Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Based on the RISC-V ArchitectureJihye Lee0Whijin Kim1Ji-Hoon Kim2Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 04763, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 04763, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 04763, Republic of KoreaThe advancement of quantum computing threatens the security of conventional public-key cryptosystems. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) was introduced to ensure data confidentiality in communication channels, and various algorithms are being developed. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has initiated PQC standardization, and the selected algorithms for standardization and round 4 candidates were announced in 2022. Due to the large memory footprint and highly repetitive operations, there have been numerous attempts to accelerate PQC on both hardware and software. This paper introduces the RISC-V instruction set extension for NIST PQC standard algorithms and round 4 candidates. The proposed programmable crypto-processor can support a wide range of PQC algorithms with the extended RISC-V instruction set and demonstrates significant reductions in code size, the number of executed instructions, and execution cycle counts of target operations in PQC algorithms of up to 79%, 92%, and 87%, respectively, compared to RV64IM with optimization level 3 (-O3) in the GNU toolchain.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9408post-quantum cryptographyPQCRISC-Vcrypto-processorprogrammabilitydomain-specific processor |
| spellingShingle | Jihye Lee Whijin Kim Ji-Hoon Kim A Programmable Crypto-Processor for National Institute of Standards and Technology Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Based on the RISC-V Architecture Sensors post-quantum cryptography PQC RISC-V crypto-processor programmability domain-specific processor |
| title | A Programmable Crypto-Processor for National Institute of Standards and Technology Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Based on the RISC-V Architecture |
| title_full | A Programmable Crypto-Processor for National Institute of Standards and Technology Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Based on the RISC-V Architecture |
| title_fullStr | A Programmable Crypto-Processor for National Institute of Standards and Technology Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Based on the RISC-V Architecture |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Programmable Crypto-Processor for National Institute of Standards and Technology Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Based on the RISC-V Architecture |
| title_short | A Programmable Crypto-Processor for National Institute of Standards and Technology Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Based on the RISC-V Architecture |
| title_sort | programmable crypto processor for national institute of standards and technology post quantum cryptography standardization based on the risc v architecture |
| topic | post-quantum cryptography PQC RISC-V crypto-processor programmability domain-specific processor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/23/9408 |
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