Geochemistry of Groundwater in the Uva Province, Sri Lanka—Implications for Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Origin
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) in the Uva Province (UP) of Sri Lanka has received much attention over the past two decades. Many scientists assumed that prolonged consumption of drinking water with high levels of contaminants may be the causative factor. Thus,...
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| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frwa.2021.771501/full |
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| author | I. D. U. H. Piyathilake W. A. C. Udeshani H. A. C. S. Hapuarachchi L. V. Ranaweera E. P. N. Udayakumara S. K. Gunatilake Chandra B. Dissanayake |
| author_facet | I. D. U. H. Piyathilake W. A. C. Udeshani H. A. C. S. Hapuarachchi L. V. Ranaweera E. P. N. Udayakumara S. K. Gunatilake Chandra B. Dissanayake |
| author_sort | I. D. U. H. Piyathilake |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prevalence of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) in the Uva Province (UP) of Sri Lanka has received much attention over the past two decades. Many scientists assumed that prolonged consumption of drinking water with high levels of contaminants may be the causative factor. Thus, the prime objective of this study is to develop a binary logistic regression model based on water quality parameters and the prevalence of CKDu to find out the geochemical risk factors that affect the CKDu. For this, 260 groundwater samples were collected following a stratified random sampling method and analyzed for its major cations, anions, and selected trace element contents. In the model, the dichotomous dependent variable defines the availability of CKDu patients, and explanatory variables define groundwater quality parameters. According to the best-fit model, F− and PO43- levels of the groundwater were found to be the geochemical risk factors that were significantly associated with the progression of CKDu in the study area. Furthermore, it was shown that geochemical processes such as dissolution of bedrocks are the causative phenomenon of the enhancement of F− levels in the groundwater sources. It has also been observed that the PO43- concentrations of the groundwater possibly increase because of the intensive application of agrochemicals in addition to geogenic sources. The results of this study can be used by the government authorities in groundwater management and the management of the prevalence of CKDu disease in the study area. Furthermore, the findings of this study will contribute to the policy-makers in Sri Lanka for providing safe drinking water to meet the sustainable development goals (SDGs). |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T23:25:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7bd884c9465342deb1e221beb28ef0bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-9375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T23:25:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-7bd884c9465342deb1e221beb28ef0bd2022-12-21T22:43:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Water2624-93752021-12-01310.3389/frwa.2021.771501771501Geochemistry of Groundwater in the Uva Province, Sri Lanka—Implications for Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain OriginI. D. U. H. Piyathilake0W. A. C. Udeshani1H. A. C. S. Hapuarachchi2L. V. Ranaweera3E. P. N. Udayakumara4S. K. Gunatilake5Chandra B. Dissanayake6Faculty of Graduate Studies, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri LankaFaculty of Graduate Studies, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri LankaDepartment of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri LankaDepartment of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri LankaDepartment of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri LankaDepartment of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri LankaDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri LankaThe prevalence of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) in the Uva Province (UP) of Sri Lanka has received much attention over the past two decades. Many scientists assumed that prolonged consumption of drinking water with high levels of contaminants may be the causative factor. Thus, the prime objective of this study is to develop a binary logistic regression model based on water quality parameters and the prevalence of CKDu to find out the geochemical risk factors that affect the CKDu. For this, 260 groundwater samples were collected following a stratified random sampling method and analyzed for its major cations, anions, and selected trace element contents. In the model, the dichotomous dependent variable defines the availability of CKDu patients, and explanatory variables define groundwater quality parameters. According to the best-fit model, F− and PO43- levels of the groundwater were found to be the geochemical risk factors that were significantly associated with the progression of CKDu in the study area. Furthermore, it was shown that geochemical processes such as dissolution of bedrocks are the causative phenomenon of the enhancement of F− levels in the groundwater sources. It has also been observed that the PO43- concentrations of the groundwater possibly increase because of the intensive application of agrochemicals in addition to geogenic sources. The results of this study can be used by the government authorities in groundwater management and the management of the prevalence of CKDu disease in the study area. Furthermore, the findings of this study will contribute to the policy-makers in Sri Lanka for providing safe drinking water to meet the sustainable development goals (SDGs).https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frwa.2021.771501/fullCKDufluoridegroundwaterbinary logistic regressionphosphate |
| spellingShingle | I. D. U. H. Piyathilake W. A. C. Udeshani H. A. C. S. Hapuarachchi L. V. Ranaweera E. P. N. Udayakumara S. K. Gunatilake Chandra B. Dissanayake Geochemistry of Groundwater in the Uva Province, Sri Lanka—Implications for Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Origin Frontiers in Water CKDu fluoride groundwater binary logistic regression phosphate |
| title | Geochemistry of Groundwater in the Uva Province, Sri Lanka—Implications for Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Origin |
| title_full | Geochemistry of Groundwater in the Uva Province, Sri Lanka—Implications for Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Origin |
| title_fullStr | Geochemistry of Groundwater in the Uva Province, Sri Lanka—Implications for Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Origin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geochemistry of Groundwater in the Uva Province, Sri Lanka—Implications for Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Origin |
| title_short | Geochemistry of Groundwater in the Uva Province, Sri Lanka—Implications for Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Origin |
| title_sort | geochemistry of groundwater in the uva province sri lanka implications for chronic kidney disease of uncertain origin |
| topic | CKDu fluoride groundwater binary logistic regression phosphate |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frwa.2021.771501/full |
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