Biocomposites Based on Polyamide 11/Diatoms with Different Sized Frustules
Amorphous diatomite was used as a filler for a thermoplastic polymer of polyamide 11 obtained from natural sources. The diatomite particles of different sizes were previously fractionated by sedimentation to obtain powders with varying particle size distribution, including powders with or without fr...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/15/3153 |
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| author | Marta Dobrosielska Renata Dobrucka Paulina Kozera Rafał Kozera Marta Kołodziejczak Ewa Gabriel Julia Głowacka Marek Jałbrzykowski Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski Robert E. Przekop |
| author_facet | Marta Dobrosielska Renata Dobrucka Paulina Kozera Rafał Kozera Marta Kołodziejczak Ewa Gabriel Julia Głowacka Marek Jałbrzykowski Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski Robert E. Przekop |
| author_sort | Marta Dobrosielska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Amorphous diatomite was used as a filler for a thermoplastic polymer of polyamide 11 obtained from natural sources. The diatomite particles of different sizes were previously fractionated by sedimentation to obtain powders with varying particle size distribution, including powders with or without frustule particles, crushed, uncrushed or agglomerated. Biocomposites containing 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% filler were tested for their mechanical properties, including tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength. In addition, a particle size analysis (by Dynamic Light Scattering, DLS) was performed and the dispersion of the filler in the polymer matrix (Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM), thermal parameters (Differential Scanning Calorimetry, DSC, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, DMA) were determined. Testing showed that biocomposites modified with diatomaceous earth have a higher mechanical strength than the reference system, especially with larger amounts of the filler (10 and 20%), e.g., the tensile strength of pure PA11 is about 46 MPa, while 20OB and 20OF 47.5 and 47 MPa, respectively, while an increase in max. flexural strength and flexural modulus is also observed compared to pure PA11 by a maximum of 63 and 54%, respectively Diatomaceous earth can be obtained in various ways—it is commercially available or it is possible to breed diatoms in laboratory conditions, while the use of commercially available diatomite, which contains diatoms of different sizes, eliminates the possibility of controlling mechanical parameters by filling biocomposites with a filler with the desired particle size distribution, and diatom breeding is not possible on an industrial scale. Our proposed biocomposite based on fractionated diatomaceous earth using a sedimentation process addresses the current need to produce biocomposite materials from natural sources, and moreover, the nature of the process, due to its simplicity, can be successfully used on an industrial scale. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:04:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7be82a5d563e470f8009ff2e2b36b6e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:04:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-7be82a5d563e470f8009ff2e2b36b6e72023-12-03T12:57:00ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-08-011415315310.3390/polym14153153Biocomposites Based on Polyamide 11/Diatoms with Different Sized FrustulesMarta Dobrosielska0Renata Dobrucka1Paulina Kozera2Rafał Kozera3Marta Kołodziejczak4Ewa Gabriel5Julia Głowacka6Marek Jałbrzykowski7Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski8Robert E. Przekop9Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, 61-614 Poznań, PolandCentre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, 61-614 Poznań, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, 61-614 Poznań, PolandCentre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, 61-614 Poznań, PolandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 45c, 15-351 Bialystok, PolandCentre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, 61-614 Poznań, PolandAmorphous diatomite was used as a filler for a thermoplastic polymer of polyamide 11 obtained from natural sources. The diatomite particles of different sizes were previously fractionated by sedimentation to obtain powders with varying particle size distribution, including powders with or without frustule particles, crushed, uncrushed or agglomerated. Biocomposites containing 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% filler were tested for their mechanical properties, including tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength. In addition, a particle size analysis (by Dynamic Light Scattering, DLS) was performed and the dispersion of the filler in the polymer matrix (Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM), thermal parameters (Differential Scanning Calorimetry, DSC, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, DMA) were determined. Testing showed that biocomposites modified with diatomaceous earth have a higher mechanical strength than the reference system, especially with larger amounts of the filler (10 and 20%), e.g., the tensile strength of pure PA11 is about 46 MPa, while 20OB and 20OF 47.5 and 47 MPa, respectively, while an increase in max. flexural strength and flexural modulus is also observed compared to pure PA11 by a maximum of 63 and 54%, respectively Diatomaceous earth can be obtained in various ways—it is commercially available or it is possible to breed diatoms in laboratory conditions, while the use of commercially available diatomite, which contains diatoms of different sizes, eliminates the possibility of controlling mechanical parameters by filling biocomposites with a filler with the desired particle size distribution, and diatom breeding is not possible on an industrial scale. Our proposed biocomposite based on fractionated diatomaceous earth using a sedimentation process addresses the current need to produce biocomposite materials from natural sources, and moreover, the nature of the process, due to its simplicity, can be successfully used on an industrial scale.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/15/3153polyamide 11diatomitemechanical propertiesparticle sizebiocomposite |
| spellingShingle | Marta Dobrosielska Renata Dobrucka Paulina Kozera Rafał Kozera Marta Kołodziejczak Ewa Gabriel Julia Głowacka Marek Jałbrzykowski Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski Robert E. Przekop Biocomposites Based on Polyamide 11/Diatoms with Different Sized Frustules Polymers polyamide 11 diatomite mechanical properties particle size biocomposite |
| title | Biocomposites Based on Polyamide 11/Diatoms with Different Sized Frustules |
| title_full | Biocomposites Based on Polyamide 11/Diatoms with Different Sized Frustules |
| title_fullStr | Biocomposites Based on Polyamide 11/Diatoms with Different Sized Frustules |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biocomposites Based on Polyamide 11/Diatoms with Different Sized Frustules |
| title_short | Biocomposites Based on Polyamide 11/Diatoms with Different Sized Frustules |
| title_sort | biocomposites based on polyamide 11 diatoms with different sized frustules |
| topic | polyamide 11 diatomite mechanical properties particle size biocomposite |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/15/3153 |
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