Associations between long-term PM2.5 and ozone exposure and mortality in the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CANCHEC), by spatial synoptic classification zone
Studies suggest that long-term chronic exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution can increase lung cancer mortality. We analyzed the association between long term PM2.5 and ozone exposure and mortality due to lung cancer, ischemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2018-02-01
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| Series: | Environment International |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412017308954 |
| _version_ | 1818417701603770368 |
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| author | Sabit Cakmak Chris Hebbern Lauren Pinault Eric Lavigne Jennifer Vanos Dan Lawson Crouse Michael Tjepkema |
| author_facet | Sabit Cakmak Chris Hebbern Lauren Pinault Eric Lavigne Jennifer Vanos Dan Lawson Crouse Michael Tjepkema |
| author_sort | Sabit Cakmak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Studies suggest that long-term chronic exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution can increase lung cancer mortality. We analyzed the association between long term PM2.5 and ozone exposure and mortality due to lung cancer, ischemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, accounting for geographic location, socioeconomic status, and residential mobility. Subjects in the 1991 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) were followed for 20years, and assigned to regions across Canada based on spatial synoptic classification weather types. Hazard ratios (HR) for mortality, were related to PM2.5 and ozone using Cox proportional hazards survival models, adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics and individual confounders. An increase of 10μg/m3 in long term PM2.5 exposure resulted in an HR for lung cancer mortality of 1.26 (95% CI 1.04, 1.53); the inclusion in the model of SSC zone as a stratum increased the risk estimate to HR 1.29 (95% CI 1.06, 1.57). After adjusting for ozone, HRs increased to 1.49 (95% CI 1.23, 1.88), and HR 1.54 (95% CI 1.27, 1.87), with and without zone as a model stratum. HRs for ischemic heart disease fell from 1.25 (95% CI 1.21, 1.29) for exposure to PM2.5, to 1.13 (95% CI 1.08, 1.19) when PM2.5 was adjusted for ozone. For COPD, the 95% confidence limits included 1.0 when climate zone was included in the model. HRs for all causes of death showed spatial differences when compared to zone 3, the most populated climate zone. Exposure to PM2.5 was related to an increased risk of mortality from lung cancer, and both ozone and PM2.5 exposure were related to risk of mortality from ischemic heart disease, and the risk varied spatially by climate zone. Keywords: Air pollution, Lung cancer, Climate, Environmental health, Mortality |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:10:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7be8b279f1d7452b9fe0dc338541fe4a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:10:58Z |
| publishDate | 2018-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj.art-7be8b279f1d7452b9fe0dc338541fe4a2022-12-21T23:01:44ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202018-02-01111200211Associations between long-term PM2.5 and ozone exposure and mortality in the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CANCHEC), by spatial synoptic classification zoneSabit Cakmak0Chris Hebbern1Lauren Pinault2Eric Lavigne3Jennifer Vanos4Dan Lawson Crouse5Michael Tjepkema6Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, 101 Tunney's Pasture Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; Corresponding author.Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, 101 Tunney's Pasture Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, CanadaResearch Analyst, Health Analysis, Statistics Canada/Government of Canada, CanadaAir Health Science Division Health Canada, 269 Laurier Avenue West Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, CanadaClimate, Atmospheric Science & Physical Oceanography, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California at San Diego 9500, Gilman, Drive #0206, USAEpidemiologist of the New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data, and Training (NB-IRDT) and Research Associate in the Department of Sociology University of New Brunswick Fredericton, NB, PO Box 4400, E3B 5A3, CanadaHealth Analysis, Statistics Canada/Government of Canada, CanadaStudies suggest that long-term chronic exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution can increase lung cancer mortality. We analyzed the association between long term PM2.5 and ozone exposure and mortality due to lung cancer, ischemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, accounting for geographic location, socioeconomic status, and residential mobility. Subjects in the 1991 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) were followed for 20years, and assigned to regions across Canada based on spatial synoptic classification weather types. Hazard ratios (HR) for mortality, were related to PM2.5 and ozone using Cox proportional hazards survival models, adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics and individual confounders. An increase of 10μg/m3 in long term PM2.5 exposure resulted in an HR for lung cancer mortality of 1.26 (95% CI 1.04, 1.53); the inclusion in the model of SSC zone as a stratum increased the risk estimate to HR 1.29 (95% CI 1.06, 1.57). After adjusting for ozone, HRs increased to 1.49 (95% CI 1.23, 1.88), and HR 1.54 (95% CI 1.27, 1.87), with and without zone as a model stratum. HRs for ischemic heart disease fell from 1.25 (95% CI 1.21, 1.29) for exposure to PM2.5, to 1.13 (95% CI 1.08, 1.19) when PM2.5 was adjusted for ozone. For COPD, the 95% confidence limits included 1.0 when climate zone was included in the model. HRs for all causes of death showed spatial differences when compared to zone 3, the most populated climate zone. Exposure to PM2.5 was related to an increased risk of mortality from lung cancer, and both ozone and PM2.5 exposure were related to risk of mortality from ischemic heart disease, and the risk varied spatially by climate zone. Keywords: Air pollution, Lung cancer, Climate, Environmental health, Mortalityhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412017308954 |
| spellingShingle | Sabit Cakmak Chris Hebbern Lauren Pinault Eric Lavigne Jennifer Vanos Dan Lawson Crouse Michael Tjepkema Associations between long-term PM2.5 and ozone exposure and mortality in the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CANCHEC), by spatial synoptic classification zone Environment International |
| title | Associations between long-term PM2.5 and ozone exposure and mortality in the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CANCHEC), by spatial synoptic classification zone |
| title_full | Associations between long-term PM2.5 and ozone exposure and mortality in the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CANCHEC), by spatial synoptic classification zone |
| title_fullStr | Associations between long-term PM2.5 and ozone exposure and mortality in the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CANCHEC), by spatial synoptic classification zone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations between long-term PM2.5 and ozone exposure and mortality in the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CANCHEC), by spatial synoptic classification zone |
| title_short | Associations between long-term PM2.5 and ozone exposure and mortality in the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CANCHEC), by spatial synoptic classification zone |
| title_sort | associations between long term pm2 5 and ozone exposure and mortality in the canadian census health and environment cohort canchec by spatial synoptic classification zone |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412017308954 |
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