An Earlier Spring Phenology Reduces Vegetation Growth Rate during the Green-Up Period in Temperate Forests
Climatic warming advances the start of the growing season (SOS) and sequentially enhances the vegetation productivity of temperate forests by extending the carbon uptake period and/or increasing the growth rate. Recent research indicates that the vegetation growth rate is a main driver for the inter...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/10/1984 |
| _version_ | 1797573844528005120 |
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| author | Boheng Wang Zunchi Liu Ji Lu Mao Cai Chaofan Zhou Gaohui Duan Peng Yang Jinfeng Hu |
| author_facet | Boheng Wang Zunchi Liu Ji Lu Mao Cai Chaofan Zhou Gaohui Duan Peng Yang Jinfeng Hu |
| author_sort | Boheng Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climatic warming advances the start of the growing season (SOS) and sequentially enhances the vegetation productivity of temperate forests by extending the carbon uptake period and/or increasing the growth rate. Recent research indicates that the vegetation growth rate is a main driver for the interannual changes in vegetation carbon uptake; however, the specific effects of an earlier SOS on vegetation growth rate and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Using 268 year-site PhenoCam observations in temperate forests, we found that an earlier SOS reduced the vegetation growth rate and mean air temperature during the green-up period (i.e., from the SOS to the peak of the growing period), but increased the accumulation of shortwave radiation during the green-up period. Interestingly, an earlier-SOS-induced reduction in the growth rate was weakened in the highly humid areas (aridity index ≥ 1) when compared with that in the humid areas (aridity index < 1), suggesting that an earlier-SOS-induced reduction in the growth rate in temperate forests may intensify with the ongoing global warming and aridity in the future. The structural equation model analyses indicated that an earlier-SOS-induced decrease in the temperature and increase in shortwave radiation drove a low vegetation growth rate. Our findings highlight that the productivity of temperate forests may be overestimated if the negative effect of an earlier SOS on the vegetation growth rate is ignored. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:14:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7bec5b652c3841b5b97b191e4d3e6ce3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:14:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-7bec5b652c3841b5b97b191e4d3e6ce32023-11-19T16:32:03ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072023-10-011410198410.3390/f14101984An Earlier Spring Phenology Reduces Vegetation Growth Rate during the Green-Up Period in Temperate ForestsBoheng Wang0Zunchi Liu1Ji Lu2Mao Cai3Chaofan Zhou4Gaohui Duan5Peng Yang6Jinfeng Hu7East China Survey and Planning Institute of National Forest and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou 310019, ChinaCollege of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaEast China Survey and Planning Institute of National Forest and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou 310019, ChinaEast China Survey and Planning Institute of National Forest and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou 310019, ChinaKey Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100085, ChinaCollege of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaEast China Survey and Planning Institute of National Forest and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou 310019, ChinaShandong Zhengyuan Digital City Construction Co., Ltd., Jinan 264003, ChinaClimatic warming advances the start of the growing season (SOS) and sequentially enhances the vegetation productivity of temperate forests by extending the carbon uptake period and/or increasing the growth rate. Recent research indicates that the vegetation growth rate is a main driver for the interannual changes in vegetation carbon uptake; however, the specific effects of an earlier SOS on vegetation growth rate and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Using 268 year-site PhenoCam observations in temperate forests, we found that an earlier SOS reduced the vegetation growth rate and mean air temperature during the green-up period (i.e., from the SOS to the peak of the growing period), but increased the accumulation of shortwave radiation during the green-up period. Interestingly, an earlier-SOS-induced reduction in the growth rate was weakened in the highly humid areas (aridity index ≥ 1) when compared with that in the humid areas (aridity index < 1), suggesting that an earlier-SOS-induced reduction in the growth rate in temperate forests may intensify with the ongoing global warming and aridity in the future. The structural equation model analyses indicated that an earlier-SOS-induced decrease in the temperature and increase in shortwave radiation drove a low vegetation growth rate. Our findings highlight that the productivity of temperate forests may be overestimated if the negative effect of an earlier SOS on the vegetation growth rate is ignored.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/10/1984climate changedigital imagerygrowth ratespring phenologytemperate forests |
| spellingShingle | Boheng Wang Zunchi Liu Ji Lu Mao Cai Chaofan Zhou Gaohui Duan Peng Yang Jinfeng Hu An Earlier Spring Phenology Reduces Vegetation Growth Rate during the Green-Up Period in Temperate Forests Forests climate change digital imagery growth rate spring phenology temperate forests |
| title | An Earlier Spring Phenology Reduces Vegetation Growth Rate during the Green-Up Period in Temperate Forests |
| title_full | An Earlier Spring Phenology Reduces Vegetation Growth Rate during the Green-Up Period in Temperate Forests |
| title_fullStr | An Earlier Spring Phenology Reduces Vegetation Growth Rate during the Green-Up Period in Temperate Forests |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Earlier Spring Phenology Reduces Vegetation Growth Rate during the Green-Up Period in Temperate Forests |
| title_short | An Earlier Spring Phenology Reduces Vegetation Growth Rate during the Green-Up Period in Temperate Forests |
| title_sort | earlier spring phenology reduces vegetation growth rate during the green up period in temperate forests |
| topic | climate change digital imagery growth rate spring phenology temperate forests |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/10/1984 |
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