PLA/Graphene/MWCNT Composites with Improved Electrical and Thermal Properties Suitable for FDM 3D Printing Applications
In this study, the structure, electrical and thermal properties of ten polymer compositions based on polylactic acid (PLA), low-cost industrial graphene nanoplates (GNP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in mono-filler PLA/MWCNT and PLA/GNP systems with 0–6 wt.% filler content were...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/6/1209 |
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| author | Evgeni Ivanov Rumiana Kotsilkova Hesheng Xia Yinghong Chen Ricardo K. Donato Katarzyna Donato Anna Paula Godoy Rosa Di Maio Clara Silvestre Sossio Cimmino Verislav Angelov |
| author_facet | Evgeni Ivanov Rumiana Kotsilkova Hesheng Xia Yinghong Chen Ricardo K. Donato Katarzyna Donato Anna Paula Godoy Rosa Di Maio Clara Silvestre Sossio Cimmino Verislav Angelov |
| author_sort | Evgeni Ivanov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the structure, electrical and thermal properties of ten polymer compositions based on polylactic acid (PLA), low-cost industrial graphene nanoplates (GNP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in mono-filler PLA/MWCNT and PLA/GNP systems with 0–6 wt.% filler content were investigated. Filler dispersion was further improved by combining these two carbon nanofillers with different geometric shapes and aspect ratios in hybrid bi-filler nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy exhibited uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in a polymer matrix. The obtained results have shown that for the mono-filler systems with MWCNT or GNP, the electrical conductivity increased with decades. Moreover, a small synergistic effect was observed in the GNP/MWCNT/PLA bi-filler hybrid composites when combining GNP and CNT at a ratio of 3% GNP/3% CNT and 1.5% GNP:4.5% CNT, showing higher electrical conductivity with respect to the systems incorporating individual CNTs and GNPs at the same overall filler concentration. This improvement was attributed to the interaction between CNTs and GNPs limiting GNP aggregation and bridging adjacent graphene platelets thus, forming a more efficient network. Thermal conductivity increases with higher filler content; this effect was more pronounced for the mono-filler composites based on PLA and GNP due to the ability of graphene to better transfer the heat. Morphological analysis carried out by electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and Raman indicated that the nanocomposites present smaller and more homogeneous filler aggregates. The well-dispersed nanofillers also lead to a microstructure which is able to better enhance the electron and heat transfer and maximize the electrical and thermal properties. The obtained composites are suitable for the production of a multifunctional filament with improved electrical and thermal properties for different fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing applications and also present a low production cost, which could potentially increase the competitiveness of this promising market niche. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:41:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7bece8b95aad45638b60e550f76b6f28 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:41:16Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7bece8b95aad45638b60e550f76b6f282022-12-22T02:39:13ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172019-03-0196120910.3390/app9061209app9061209PLA/Graphene/MWCNT Composites with Improved Electrical and Thermal Properties Suitable for FDM 3D Printing ApplicationsEvgeni Ivanov0Rumiana Kotsilkova1Hesheng Xia2Yinghong Chen3Ricardo K. Donato4Katarzyna Donato5Anna Paula Godoy6Rosa Di Maio7Clara Silvestre8Sossio Cimmino9Verislav Angelov10Open Laboratory on Experimental Micro and Nano Mechanics (OLEM), Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Block 4, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaOpen Laboratory on Experimental Micro and Nano Mechanics (OLEM), Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Block 4, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaMackGraphe—Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Center, Mackenzie University, Rua da Consolação 896, São Paulo 01302-907, BrazilMackGraphe—Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Center, Mackenzie University, Rua da Consolação 896, São Paulo 01302-907, BrazilMackGraphe—Graphene and Nanomaterials Research Center, Mackenzie University, Rua da Consolação 896, São Paulo 01302-907, BrazilIstituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34 Olivetti, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), ItalyIstituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34 Olivetti, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), ItalyIstituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34 Olivetti, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), ItalyOpen Laboratory on Experimental Micro and Nano Mechanics (OLEM), Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Block 4, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaIn this study, the structure, electrical and thermal properties of ten polymer compositions based on polylactic acid (PLA), low-cost industrial graphene nanoplates (GNP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in mono-filler PLA/MWCNT and PLA/GNP systems with 0–6 wt.% filler content were investigated. Filler dispersion was further improved by combining these two carbon nanofillers with different geometric shapes and aspect ratios in hybrid bi-filler nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy exhibited uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in a polymer matrix. The obtained results have shown that for the mono-filler systems with MWCNT or GNP, the electrical conductivity increased with decades. Moreover, a small synergistic effect was observed in the GNP/MWCNT/PLA bi-filler hybrid composites when combining GNP and CNT at a ratio of 3% GNP/3% CNT and 1.5% GNP:4.5% CNT, showing higher electrical conductivity with respect to the systems incorporating individual CNTs and GNPs at the same overall filler concentration. This improvement was attributed to the interaction between CNTs and GNPs limiting GNP aggregation and bridging adjacent graphene platelets thus, forming a more efficient network. Thermal conductivity increases with higher filler content; this effect was more pronounced for the mono-filler composites based on PLA and GNP due to the ability of graphene to better transfer the heat. Morphological analysis carried out by electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and Raman indicated that the nanocomposites present smaller and more homogeneous filler aggregates. The well-dispersed nanofillers also lead to a microstructure which is able to better enhance the electron and heat transfer and maximize the electrical and thermal properties. The obtained composites are suitable for the production of a multifunctional filament with improved electrical and thermal properties for different fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing applications and also present a low production cost, which could potentially increase the competitiveness of this promising market niche.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/6/1209biodegradable polymersgraphenecarbon nanotubesnanocompositeselectrical and thermal properties |
| spellingShingle | Evgeni Ivanov Rumiana Kotsilkova Hesheng Xia Yinghong Chen Ricardo K. Donato Katarzyna Donato Anna Paula Godoy Rosa Di Maio Clara Silvestre Sossio Cimmino Verislav Angelov PLA/Graphene/MWCNT Composites with Improved Electrical and Thermal Properties Suitable for FDM 3D Printing Applications Applied Sciences biodegradable polymers graphene carbon nanotubes nanocomposites electrical and thermal properties |
| title | PLA/Graphene/MWCNT Composites with Improved Electrical and Thermal Properties Suitable for FDM 3D Printing Applications |
| title_full | PLA/Graphene/MWCNT Composites with Improved Electrical and Thermal Properties Suitable for FDM 3D Printing Applications |
| title_fullStr | PLA/Graphene/MWCNT Composites with Improved Electrical and Thermal Properties Suitable for FDM 3D Printing Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | PLA/Graphene/MWCNT Composites with Improved Electrical and Thermal Properties Suitable for FDM 3D Printing Applications |
| title_short | PLA/Graphene/MWCNT Composites with Improved Electrical and Thermal Properties Suitable for FDM 3D Printing Applications |
| title_sort | pla graphene mwcnt composites with improved electrical and thermal properties suitable for fdm 3d printing applications |
| topic | biodegradable polymers graphene carbon nanotubes nanocomposites electrical and thermal properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/6/1209 |
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