Photochemical Internalization: Light Paves Way for New Cancer Chemotherapies and Vaccines
Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a further development of photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this report, we describe PCI as a potential tool for cellular internalization of chemotherapeutic agents or antigens and systematically review the ongoing research. Eighteen published papers described the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/1/165 |
| _version_ | 1797706523146715136 |
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| author | Lara Šošić Pål Kristian Selbo Zuzanna K. Kotkowska Thomas M. Kündig Anders Høgset Pål Johansen |
| author_facet | Lara Šošić Pål Kristian Selbo Zuzanna K. Kotkowska Thomas M. Kündig Anders Høgset Pål Johansen |
| author_sort | Lara Šošić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a further development of photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this report, we describe PCI as a potential tool for cellular internalization of chemotherapeutic agents or antigens and systematically review the ongoing research. Eighteen published papers described the pre-clinical and clinical developments of PCI-mediated delivery of chemotherapeutic agents or antigens. The studies were screened against pre-defined eligibility criteria. Pre-clinical studies suggest that PCI can be effectively used to deliver chemotherapeutic agents to the cytosol of tumor cells and, thereby, improve treatment efficacy. One Phase-I clinical trial has been conducted, and it demonstrated that PCI-mediated bleomycin treatment was safe and identified tolerable doses of the photosensitizer disulfonated tetraphenyl chlorin (TPCS<sub>2a</sub>). Likewise, PCI was pre-clinically shown to mediate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation and generation of tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T-lymphocytes (CTL) and cancer remission. A first clinical Phase I trial with the photosensitizer TPCS<sub>2a</sub> combined with human papilloma virus antigen (HPV) was recently completed and results are expected in 2020. Hence, photosensitizers and light can be used to mediate cytosolic delivery of endocytosed chemotherapeutics or antigens. While the therapeutic potential in cancer has been clearly demonstrated pre-clinically, further clinical trials are needed to reveal the true translational potential of PCI in humans. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:53:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7bfdf62f40cd47198f3369e1884942a8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:53:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-7bfdf62f40cd47198f3369e1884942a82023-09-03T04:54:02ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942020-01-0112116510.3390/cancers12010165cancers12010165Photochemical Internalization: Light Paves Way for New Cancer Chemotherapies and VaccinesLara Šošić0Pål Kristian Selbo1Zuzanna K. Kotkowska2Thomas M. Kündig3Anders Høgset4Pål Johansen5Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausséen 70, 0379 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, SwitzerlandPCI Biotech AS, Ullernchausséen 64, 0379 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, SwitzerlandPhotochemical internalization (PCI) is a further development of photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this report, we describe PCI as a potential tool for cellular internalization of chemotherapeutic agents or antigens and systematically review the ongoing research. Eighteen published papers described the pre-clinical and clinical developments of PCI-mediated delivery of chemotherapeutic agents or antigens. The studies were screened against pre-defined eligibility criteria. Pre-clinical studies suggest that PCI can be effectively used to deliver chemotherapeutic agents to the cytosol of tumor cells and, thereby, improve treatment efficacy. One Phase-I clinical trial has been conducted, and it demonstrated that PCI-mediated bleomycin treatment was safe and identified tolerable doses of the photosensitizer disulfonated tetraphenyl chlorin (TPCS<sub>2a</sub>). Likewise, PCI was pre-clinically shown to mediate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation and generation of tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T-lymphocytes (CTL) and cancer remission. A first clinical Phase I trial with the photosensitizer TPCS<sub>2a</sub> combined with human papilloma virus antigen (HPV) was recently completed and results are expected in 2020. Hence, photosensitizers and light can be used to mediate cytosolic delivery of endocytosed chemotherapeutics or antigens. While the therapeutic potential in cancer has been clearly demonstrated pre-clinically, further clinical trials are needed to reveal the true translational potential of PCI in humans.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/1/165photochemical internalizationphotodynamic therapycytosolic deliverycancer vaccinationcancer immunotherapycross-presentationctl |
| spellingShingle | Lara Šošić Pål Kristian Selbo Zuzanna K. Kotkowska Thomas M. Kündig Anders Høgset Pål Johansen Photochemical Internalization: Light Paves Way for New Cancer Chemotherapies and Vaccines Cancers photochemical internalization photodynamic therapy cytosolic delivery cancer vaccination cancer immunotherapy cross-presentation ctl |
| title | Photochemical Internalization: Light Paves Way for New Cancer Chemotherapies and Vaccines |
| title_full | Photochemical Internalization: Light Paves Way for New Cancer Chemotherapies and Vaccines |
| title_fullStr | Photochemical Internalization: Light Paves Way for New Cancer Chemotherapies and Vaccines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photochemical Internalization: Light Paves Way for New Cancer Chemotherapies and Vaccines |
| title_short | Photochemical Internalization: Light Paves Way for New Cancer Chemotherapies and Vaccines |
| title_sort | photochemical internalization light paves way for new cancer chemotherapies and vaccines |
| topic | photochemical internalization photodynamic therapy cytosolic delivery cancer vaccination cancer immunotherapy cross-presentation ctl |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/1/165 |
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