Effectiveness of Anodal otDCS Following with Anodal tDCS Rather than tDCS Alone for Increasing of Relative Power of Intrinsic Matched EEG Bands in Rat Brains
Background: This study sought to determine whether (1) evidence is available of interactions between anodal tDCS and oscillated tDCS stimulation patterns to increase the power of endogenous brain oscillations and (2) the frequency matching the applied anodal otDCS’s frequency and the brain’s dominan...
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2022-12-01
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author | Nafe M. Al-Tawarah Zulal Kaptan Hashem A. Abu-Harirah Mohammad Nofal Belal Almajali Sultan Jarrar Zubeyir Bayraktaroğlu Haitham Qaralleh Khaled M. Khleifat Ziya Y. Ziylan Rawand H. Al dmour Moath Alqaraleh Sacit Karamursel |
author_facet | Nafe M. Al-Tawarah Zulal Kaptan Hashem A. Abu-Harirah Mohammad Nofal Belal Almajali Sultan Jarrar Zubeyir Bayraktaroğlu Haitham Qaralleh Khaled M. Khleifat Ziya Y. Ziylan Rawand H. Al dmour Moath Alqaraleh Sacit Karamursel |
author_sort | Nafe M. Al-Tawarah |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Background: This study sought to determine whether (1) evidence is available of interactions between anodal tDCS and oscillated tDCS stimulation patterns to increase the power of endogenous brain oscillations and (2) the frequency matching the applied anodal otDCS’s frequency and the brain’s dominant intrinsic frequency influence power shifting during stimulation pattern sessions by both anodal DCS and anodal oscillated DCS. Method: Rats received different anodal tDCS and otDCS stimulation patterns using 8.5 Hz and 13 Hz state-related dominant intrinsic frequencies of anodal otDCS. The rats were divided into groups with specific stimulation patterns: group A: tDCS–otDCS (8.5 Hz)–otDCS (13 Hz); group B: otDCS (8.5 Hz)–tDCS–otDCS (13 Hz); group C: otDCS (13 Hz)–tDCS–otDCS (8.5 Hz). Acute relative power changes (i.e., following 10 min stimulation sessions) in six frequency bands—delta (1.5–4 Hz), theta (4–7 Hz), alpha-1 (7–10 Hz), alpha-2 (10–12 Hz), beta-1 (12–15 Hz) and beta-2 (15–20 Hz)—were compared using three factors and repeated ANOVA measurement. Results: For each stimulation, tDCS increased theta power band and, above bands alpha and beta, a drop in delta power was observed. Anodal otDCS had a mild increasing power effect in both matched intrinsic and delta bands. In group pattern stimulations, increased power of endogenous frequencies matched exogenous otDCS frequencies—8.5 Hz or 13 Hz—with more potent effects in upper bands. The power was markedly more potent with the otDCS–tDCS stimulation pattern than the tDCS–otDCS pattern. Significance: The findings suggest that the otDCS–tDCS pattern stimulation increased the power in matched intrinsic oscillations and, significantly, in the above bands in an ascending order. We provide evidence for the successful corporation between otDCS (as frequency-matched guidance) and tDCS (as a power generator) rather than tDCS alone when stimulating a desired brain intrinsic band (herein, tES specificity). |
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spelling | doaj.art-7c00a03880b94b0191c8cfdd44e288542023-11-30T21:27:14ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252022-12-011317210.3390/brainsci13010072Effectiveness of Anodal otDCS Following with Anodal tDCS Rather than tDCS Alone for Increasing of Relative Power of Intrinsic Matched EEG Bands in Rat BrainsNafe M. Al-Tawarah0Zulal Kaptan1Hashem A. Abu-Harirah2Mohammad Nofal3Belal Almajali4Sultan Jarrar5Zubeyir Bayraktaroğlu6Haitham Qaralleh7Khaled M. Khleifat8Ziya Y. Ziylan9Rawand H. Al dmour10Moath Alqaraleh11Sacit Karamursel12Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mutah 61710, JordanDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beykent University, Bolu 14030, TurkeyMedical Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, JordanDepartment of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Kerak 61710, JordanDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mutah 61710, JordanNeurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, JordanDepartment of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mutah 61710, JordanDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mutah 61710, JordanDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beykent University, Bolu 14030, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mutah 61710, JordanPharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center (PDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, JordanDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, TurkeyBackground: This study sought to determine whether (1) evidence is available of interactions between anodal tDCS and oscillated tDCS stimulation patterns to increase the power of endogenous brain oscillations and (2) the frequency matching the applied anodal otDCS’s frequency and the brain’s dominant intrinsic frequency influence power shifting during stimulation pattern sessions by both anodal DCS and anodal oscillated DCS. Method: Rats received different anodal tDCS and otDCS stimulation patterns using 8.5 Hz and 13 Hz state-related dominant intrinsic frequencies of anodal otDCS. The rats were divided into groups with specific stimulation patterns: group A: tDCS–otDCS (8.5 Hz)–otDCS (13 Hz); group B: otDCS (8.5 Hz)–tDCS–otDCS (13 Hz); group C: otDCS (13 Hz)–tDCS–otDCS (8.5 Hz). Acute relative power changes (i.e., following 10 min stimulation sessions) in six frequency bands—delta (1.5–4 Hz), theta (4–7 Hz), alpha-1 (7–10 Hz), alpha-2 (10–12 Hz), beta-1 (12–15 Hz) and beta-2 (15–20 Hz)—were compared using three factors and repeated ANOVA measurement. Results: For each stimulation, tDCS increased theta power band and, above bands alpha and beta, a drop in delta power was observed. Anodal otDCS had a mild increasing power effect in both matched intrinsic and delta bands. In group pattern stimulations, increased power of endogenous frequencies matched exogenous otDCS frequencies—8.5 Hz or 13 Hz—with more potent effects in upper bands. The power was markedly more potent with the otDCS–tDCS stimulation pattern than the tDCS–otDCS pattern. Significance: The findings suggest that the otDCS–tDCS pattern stimulation increased the power in matched intrinsic oscillations and, significantly, in the above bands in an ascending order. We provide evidence for the successful corporation between otDCS (as frequency-matched guidance) and tDCS (as a power generator) rather than tDCS alone when stimulating a desired brain intrinsic band (herein, tES specificity).https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/1/72tDCSotDCSEEGfrontal cortexrelative band power |
spellingShingle | Nafe M. Al-Tawarah Zulal Kaptan Hashem A. Abu-Harirah Mohammad Nofal Belal Almajali Sultan Jarrar Zubeyir Bayraktaroğlu Haitham Qaralleh Khaled M. Khleifat Ziya Y. Ziylan Rawand H. Al dmour Moath Alqaraleh Sacit Karamursel Effectiveness of Anodal otDCS Following with Anodal tDCS Rather than tDCS Alone for Increasing of Relative Power of Intrinsic Matched EEG Bands in Rat Brains Brain Sciences tDCS otDCS EEG frontal cortex relative band power |
title | Effectiveness of Anodal otDCS Following with Anodal tDCS Rather than tDCS Alone for Increasing of Relative Power of Intrinsic Matched EEG Bands in Rat Brains |
title_full | Effectiveness of Anodal otDCS Following with Anodal tDCS Rather than tDCS Alone for Increasing of Relative Power of Intrinsic Matched EEG Bands in Rat Brains |
title_fullStr | Effectiveness of Anodal otDCS Following with Anodal tDCS Rather than tDCS Alone for Increasing of Relative Power of Intrinsic Matched EEG Bands in Rat Brains |
title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of Anodal otDCS Following with Anodal tDCS Rather than tDCS Alone for Increasing of Relative Power of Intrinsic Matched EEG Bands in Rat Brains |
title_short | Effectiveness of Anodal otDCS Following with Anodal tDCS Rather than tDCS Alone for Increasing of Relative Power of Intrinsic Matched EEG Bands in Rat Brains |
title_sort | effectiveness of anodal otdcs following with anodal tdcs rather than tdcs alone for increasing of relative power of intrinsic matched eeg bands in rat brains |
topic | tDCS otDCS EEG frontal cortex relative band power |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/1/72 |
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