Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Fractions of <i>Ericaria crinita</i> and <i>Ericaria amentacea</i>: Developmental Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity
<i>Ericaria crinita</i> and <i>Ericaria amentacea</i> from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) were investigated with respect to the presence of less-polar compounds for the first time after fractionation by solid-phase extraction (SPE). The composition of less-polar fractions of free...
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2022-01-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| author | Sanja Radman Lara Čižmek Sanja Babić Ana-Marija Cikoš Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac Stela Jokić Igor Jerković |
| author_facet | Sanja Radman Lara Čižmek Sanja Babić Ana-Marija Cikoš Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac Stela Jokić Igor Jerković |
| author_sort | Sanja Radman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Ericaria crinita</i> and <i>Ericaria amentacea</i> from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) were investigated with respect to the presence of less-polar compounds for the first time after fractionation by solid-phase extraction (SPE). The composition of less-polar fractions of freeze-dried <i>E. crinita</i> (FdEc) and <i>E. amentacea</i> (FdEa) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS). The major identified compounds were: amides of higher aliphatic acids (palmitoleamide, linoleamide, palmitamide, oleamide and erucamide) and related compounds, carotenoid (fucoxanthin), chlorophyll derivatives (pheophytin <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> and their derivatives) and higher terpenes (loliolide, isoamijiol with its oxidation product), β-stigmasterol and (3β,6α)-14-methylergosta-8,24(28)-diene-3,6-diol). The toxic effects observed on the less-polar fractions obtained from <i>Ericaria</i> species on zebrafish <i>Danio rerio</i> embryos could be associated with the high abundance of all five detected amides. The antioxidant activity of the fractions was evaluated by means of five independent assays, including the reduction of the radical cation (ABTS), the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the Folin–Ciocalteu method. A higher antioxidant activity of <i>E. amentacea</i> in comparison to that of the <i>E. crinita</i> fractions was found with IC<sub>50</sub> concentrations of 0.072 and 1.177 mg/mL, respectively. The correlation between the activity and the chemical composition revealed that the synergistic effect of different compounds impacted their antioxidant response. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:05:30Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:05:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c079e4e26bc4d319486284056d7d0022023-11-23T14:28:06ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972022-01-012015710.3390/md20010057Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Fractions of <i>Ericaria crinita</i> and <i>Ericaria amentacea</i>: Developmental Toxicity and Antioxidant ActivitySanja Radman0Lara Čižmek1Sanja Babić2Ana-Marija Cikoš3Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac4Stela Jokić5Igor Jerković6Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, CroatiaLaboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaLaboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaLaboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia<i>Ericaria crinita</i> and <i>Ericaria amentacea</i> from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) were investigated with respect to the presence of less-polar compounds for the first time after fractionation by solid-phase extraction (SPE). The composition of less-polar fractions of freeze-dried <i>E. crinita</i> (FdEc) and <i>E. amentacea</i> (FdEa) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS). The major identified compounds were: amides of higher aliphatic acids (palmitoleamide, linoleamide, palmitamide, oleamide and erucamide) and related compounds, carotenoid (fucoxanthin), chlorophyll derivatives (pheophytin <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> and their derivatives) and higher terpenes (loliolide, isoamijiol with its oxidation product), β-stigmasterol and (3β,6α)-14-methylergosta-8,24(28)-diene-3,6-diol). The toxic effects observed on the less-polar fractions obtained from <i>Ericaria</i> species on zebrafish <i>Danio rerio</i> embryos could be associated with the high abundance of all five detected amides. The antioxidant activity of the fractions was evaluated by means of five independent assays, including the reduction of the radical cation (ABTS), the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the Folin–Ciocalteu method. A higher antioxidant activity of <i>E. amentacea</i> in comparison to that of the <i>E. crinita</i> fractions was found with IC<sub>50</sub> concentrations of 0.072 and 1.177 mg/mL, respectively. The correlation between the activity and the chemical composition revealed that the synergistic effect of different compounds impacted their antioxidant response.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/1/57brown algaeUHPLC-ESI-HRMSfatty acid amidesfucoxanthinpheophytin <i>a</i>, <i>b</i> and their derivativesterpenes |
| spellingShingle | Sanja Radman Lara Čižmek Sanja Babić Ana-Marija Cikoš Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac Stela Jokić Igor Jerković Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Fractions of <i>Ericaria crinita</i> and <i>Ericaria amentacea</i>: Developmental Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity Marine Drugs brown algae UHPLC-ESI-HRMS fatty acid amides fucoxanthin pheophytin <i>a</i>, <i>b</i> and their derivatives terpenes |
| title | Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Fractions of <i>Ericaria crinita</i> and <i>Ericaria amentacea</i>: Developmental Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity |
| title_full | Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Fractions of <i>Ericaria crinita</i> and <i>Ericaria amentacea</i>: Developmental Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity |
| title_fullStr | Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Fractions of <i>Ericaria crinita</i> and <i>Ericaria amentacea</i>: Developmental Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Fractions of <i>Ericaria crinita</i> and <i>Ericaria amentacea</i>: Developmental Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity |
| title_short | Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Fractions of <i>Ericaria crinita</i> and <i>Ericaria amentacea</i>: Developmental Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity |
| title_sort | bioprospecting of less polar fractions of i ericaria crinita i and i ericaria amentacea i developmental toxicity and antioxidant activity |
| topic | brown algae UHPLC-ESI-HRMS fatty acid amides fucoxanthin pheophytin <i>a</i>, <i>b</i> and their derivatives terpenes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/1/57 |
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