Interlaboratory Validation of Toxicity Testing Using the Duckweed <i>Lemna minor</i> Root-Regrowth Test
The common duckweed (<i>Lemna minor</i>), a freshwater monocot that floats on the surfaces of slow-moving streams and ponds, is commonly used in toxicity testing. The novel <i>Lemna</i> root- regrowth test is a toxicity test performed in replicate test vessels (24-well plates...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/1/37 |
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| author | Jihae Park Eun-Jin Yoo Kisik Shin Stephen Depuydt Wei Li Klaus-J. Appenroth Adam D. Lillicrap Li Xie Hojun Lee Geehyoung Kim Jonas De Saeger Soyeon Choi Geonhee Kim Murray T. Brown Taejun Han |
| author_facet | Jihae Park Eun-Jin Yoo Kisik Shin Stephen Depuydt Wei Li Klaus-J. Appenroth Adam D. Lillicrap Li Xie Hojun Lee Geehyoung Kim Jonas De Saeger Soyeon Choi Geonhee Kim Murray T. Brown Taejun Han |
| author_sort | Jihae Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The common duckweed (<i>Lemna minor</i>), a freshwater monocot that floats on the surfaces of slow-moving streams and ponds, is commonly used in toxicity testing. The novel <i>Lemna</i> root- regrowth test is a toxicity test performed in replicate test vessels (24-well plates), each containing 3 mL test solution and a 2–3 frond colony. Prior to exposure, roots are excised from the plant, and newly developed roots are measured after 3 days of regrowth. Compared to the three internationally standardized methods, this bioassay is faster (72 h), simpler, more convenient (requiring only a 3-mL) and cheaper. The sensitivity of root regrowth to 3,5-dichlorophenol was statistically the same as using the conventional ISO test method. The results of interlaboratory comparison tests conducted by 10 international institutes showed 21.3% repeatability and 27.2% reproducibility for CuSO<sub>4</sub> and 21.28% repeatability and 18.6% reproducibility for wastewater. These validity criteria are well within the generally accepted levels of <30% to 40%, confirming that this test method is acceptable as a standardized biological test and can be used as a regulatory tool. The <i>Lemna</i> root regrowth test complements the lengthier conventional protocols and is suitable for rapid screening of wastewater and priority substances spikes in natural waters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:54:03Z |
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| id | doaj.art-7c0b003641764530ae0840df02c249ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:54:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c0b003641764530ae0840df02c249ba2023-11-23T13:00:06ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-12-011113710.3390/biology11010037Interlaboratory Validation of Toxicity Testing Using the Duckweed <i>Lemna minor</i> Root-Regrowth TestJihae Park0Eun-Jin Yoo1Kisik Shin2Stephen Depuydt3Wei Li4Klaus-J. Appenroth5Adam D. Lillicrap6Li Xie7Hojun Lee8Geehyoung Kim9Jonas De Saeger10Soyeon Choi11Geonhee Kim12Murray T. Brown13Taejun Han14Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, KoreaEnvironmental Measurement & Analysis Center, Department of Environmental Infrastructure Research, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), 42, Hwangyeong-ro, Incheon 22689, KoreaWater Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), 42, Hwangyeong-ro, Incheon 22689, KoreaLaboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, KoreaLaboratory of Aquatic Plant Biology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaMatthias Schleiden Institute, Plant Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, GermanyNorwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579 Oslo, NorwayNorwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, NO-0579 Oslo, NorwayLaboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, KoreaEnvironmental Technology Center, Environmental Corporation of Incheon, 6, Songdogukje-daero 372, Incheon 22014, KoreaLaboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, KoreaDepartment of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, KoreaDepartment of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, KoreaSchool of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UKLaboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, KoreaThe common duckweed (<i>Lemna minor</i>), a freshwater monocot that floats on the surfaces of slow-moving streams and ponds, is commonly used in toxicity testing. The novel <i>Lemna</i> root- regrowth test is a toxicity test performed in replicate test vessels (24-well plates), each containing 3 mL test solution and a 2–3 frond colony. Prior to exposure, roots are excised from the plant, and newly developed roots are measured after 3 days of regrowth. Compared to the three internationally standardized methods, this bioassay is faster (72 h), simpler, more convenient (requiring only a 3-mL) and cheaper. The sensitivity of root regrowth to 3,5-dichlorophenol was statistically the same as using the conventional ISO test method. The results of interlaboratory comparison tests conducted by 10 international institutes showed 21.3% repeatability and 27.2% reproducibility for CuSO<sub>4</sub> and 21.28% repeatability and 18.6% reproducibility for wastewater. These validity criteria are well within the generally accepted levels of <30% to 40%, confirming that this test method is acceptable as a standardized biological test and can be used as a regulatory tool. The <i>Lemna</i> root regrowth test complements the lengthier conventional protocols and is suitable for rapid screening of wastewater and priority substances spikes in natural waters.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/1/37interlaboratory comparisoninternationalized methods<i>Lemna minor</i>metalsroot regrowth |
| spellingShingle | Jihae Park Eun-Jin Yoo Kisik Shin Stephen Depuydt Wei Li Klaus-J. Appenroth Adam D. Lillicrap Li Xie Hojun Lee Geehyoung Kim Jonas De Saeger Soyeon Choi Geonhee Kim Murray T. Brown Taejun Han Interlaboratory Validation of Toxicity Testing Using the Duckweed <i>Lemna minor</i> Root-Regrowth Test Biology interlaboratory comparison internationalized methods <i>Lemna minor</i> metals root regrowth |
| title | Interlaboratory Validation of Toxicity Testing Using the Duckweed <i>Lemna minor</i> Root-Regrowth Test |
| title_full | Interlaboratory Validation of Toxicity Testing Using the Duckweed <i>Lemna minor</i> Root-Regrowth Test |
| title_fullStr | Interlaboratory Validation of Toxicity Testing Using the Duckweed <i>Lemna minor</i> Root-Regrowth Test |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interlaboratory Validation of Toxicity Testing Using the Duckweed <i>Lemna minor</i> Root-Regrowth Test |
| title_short | Interlaboratory Validation of Toxicity Testing Using the Duckweed <i>Lemna minor</i> Root-Regrowth Test |
| title_sort | interlaboratory validation of toxicity testing using the duckweed i lemna minor i root regrowth test |
| topic | interlaboratory comparison internationalized methods <i>Lemna minor</i> metals root regrowth |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/1/37 |
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