Development and Psychometric Validation of the Mental Health-Related Barriers and Benefits to EXercise (MEX) Scale in Healthy Adults
Abstract Background Physical exercise has been shown to reduce anxiety and depression symptoms, the most common mental health disorders globally. Despite the benefits of exercise in anxiety and depression, the symptoms of these disorders may directly contribute to a lack of engagement with exercise....
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Sports Medicine - Open |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00555-x |
| _version_ | 1797864566453960704 |
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| author | Madeleine L. Connolly Stephen C. Bowden Michaela C. Pascoe Nicholas T. Van Dam |
| author_facet | Madeleine L. Connolly Stephen C. Bowden Michaela C. Pascoe Nicholas T. Van Dam |
| author_sort | Madeleine L. Connolly |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Physical exercise has been shown to reduce anxiety and depression symptoms, the most common mental health disorders globally. Despite the benefits of exercise in anxiety and depression, the symptoms of these disorders may directly contribute to a lack of engagement with exercise. However, mental health-related barriers and benefits to exercise engagement have not been addressed in quantitative research. We introduce the development and psychometric validation of the Mental health-related barriers and benefits to EXercise (MEX) scale. Methods Three samples were collected online prospectively (sample 1 n = 492; sample 2 n = 302; sample 3 n = 303) for scale refinement and validation with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. All participants were generally healthy adults, aged 18–45, and had no history of severe mental illness requiring hospitalization and no physical disability impacting over 50% of daily function. Results We identified a 30-item, two-factor model comprising 15 barrier and 15 benefit items. Overall model fit was excellent for an item-level scale across the three samples (Comparative Fit Index = 0.935–0.951; Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation = 0.037–0.039). Internal consistency was also excellent across the three samples (α = 0.900–0.951). The barriers subscale was positively correlated with symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress, and negatively correlated with measures of physical activity and exercise engagement. The benefits subscale was negatively correlated with symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress, and positively correlated with measures of physical activity and exercise engagement. Conclusion The MEX is a novel, psychometrically robust scale, which is appropriate for research and for clinical use to ascertain individual and/or group level mental health-related barriers and benefits to exercise. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:55:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7c0c1e0df448497fbbaa8f62dddf673a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2198-9761 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:55:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sports Medicine - Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c0c1e0df448497fbbaa8f62dddf673a2023-03-22T11:19:54ZengSpringerOpenSports Medicine - Open2198-97612023-02-019111310.1186/s40798-023-00555-xDevelopment and Psychometric Validation of the Mental Health-Related Barriers and Benefits to EXercise (MEX) Scale in Healthy AdultsMadeleine L. Connolly0Stephen C. Bowden1Michaela C. Pascoe2Nicholas T. Van Dam3Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of MelbourneInstitute for Health and Sport, Victoria UniversityMelbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of MelbourneAbstract Background Physical exercise has been shown to reduce anxiety and depression symptoms, the most common mental health disorders globally. Despite the benefits of exercise in anxiety and depression, the symptoms of these disorders may directly contribute to a lack of engagement with exercise. However, mental health-related barriers and benefits to exercise engagement have not been addressed in quantitative research. We introduce the development and psychometric validation of the Mental health-related barriers and benefits to EXercise (MEX) scale. Methods Three samples were collected online prospectively (sample 1 n = 492; sample 2 n = 302; sample 3 n = 303) for scale refinement and validation with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. All participants were generally healthy adults, aged 18–45, and had no history of severe mental illness requiring hospitalization and no physical disability impacting over 50% of daily function. Results We identified a 30-item, two-factor model comprising 15 barrier and 15 benefit items. Overall model fit was excellent for an item-level scale across the three samples (Comparative Fit Index = 0.935–0.951; Root-Mean-Square Error of Approximation = 0.037–0.039). Internal consistency was also excellent across the three samples (α = 0.900–0.951). The barriers subscale was positively correlated with symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress, and negatively correlated with measures of physical activity and exercise engagement. The benefits subscale was negatively correlated with symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress, and positively correlated with measures of physical activity and exercise engagement. Conclusion The MEX is a novel, psychometrically robust scale, which is appropriate for research and for clinical use to ascertain individual and/or group level mental health-related barriers and benefits to exercise.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00555-xAnxietyDepressionStressBarriersBenefitsExercise |
| spellingShingle | Madeleine L. Connolly Stephen C. Bowden Michaela C. Pascoe Nicholas T. Van Dam Development and Psychometric Validation of the Mental Health-Related Barriers and Benefits to EXercise (MEX) Scale in Healthy Adults Sports Medicine - Open Anxiety Depression Stress Barriers Benefits Exercise |
| title | Development and Psychometric Validation of the Mental Health-Related Barriers and Benefits to EXercise (MEX) Scale in Healthy Adults |
| title_full | Development and Psychometric Validation of the Mental Health-Related Barriers and Benefits to EXercise (MEX) Scale in Healthy Adults |
| title_fullStr | Development and Psychometric Validation of the Mental Health-Related Barriers and Benefits to EXercise (MEX) Scale in Healthy Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Psychometric Validation of the Mental Health-Related Barriers and Benefits to EXercise (MEX) Scale in Healthy Adults |
| title_short | Development and Psychometric Validation of the Mental Health-Related Barriers and Benefits to EXercise (MEX) Scale in Healthy Adults |
| title_sort | development and psychometric validation of the mental health related barriers and benefits to exercise mex scale in healthy adults |
| topic | Anxiety Depression Stress Barriers Benefits Exercise |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00555-x |
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