Eucalypt Extracts Prepared by a No-Waste Method and Their 3D-Printed Dosage Forms Show Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity
The pharmaceutical industry usually utilizes either hydrophobic or hydrophilic substances extracted from raw plant materials to prepare a final product. However, the waste products from the plant material still contain biologically active components with the opposite solubility. The aim of this stud...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/6/754 |
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| author | Oleh Koshovyi Mykola Komisarenko Tatyana Osolodchenko Andrey Komissarenko Reet Mändar Siiri Kõljalg Jyrki Heinämäki Ain Raal |
| author_facet | Oleh Koshovyi Mykola Komisarenko Tatyana Osolodchenko Andrey Komissarenko Reet Mändar Siiri Kõljalg Jyrki Heinämäki Ain Raal |
| author_sort | Oleh Koshovyi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pharmaceutical industry usually utilizes either hydrophobic or hydrophilic substances extracted from raw plant materials to prepare a final product. However, the waste products from the plant material still contain biologically active components with the opposite solubility. The aim of this study was to enhance the comprehensive usability of plant materials by developing a new no-waste extraction method for eucalypt leaves and by investigating the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of eucalypt extracts and their 3D-printed dosage forms. The present extraction method enabled us to prepare both hydrophobic soft extracts and hydrophilic (aqueous) dry extracts. We identified a total of 28 terpenes in the hydrophobic soft extract. In the hydrophilic dry extract, a total of 57 substances were identified, and 26 of them were successfully isolated. The eucalypt extracts studied showed significant antimicrobial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae gravis</i>, and <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis</i>. The anti-inflammatory activity of the dry extract was studied using a formalin-induced-edema model in mice. The maximum anti-exudative effect of the dry extract was 61.5% at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Composite gels of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and eucalypt extract were developed, and the key process parameters for semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing of such gels were verified. The SSE 3D-printed preparations of novel synergistically acting eucalypt extracts could have uses in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory medicinal applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:53:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7c0c40ac9465488a83c39a947100529e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:53:53Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c0c40ac9465488a83c39a947100529e2024-03-27T14:00:33ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-03-0113675410.3390/plants13060754Eucalypt Extracts Prepared by a No-Waste Method and Their 3D-Printed Dosage Forms Show Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory ActivityOleh Koshovyi0Mykola Komisarenko1Tatyana Osolodchenko2Andrey Komissarenko3Reet Mändar4Siiri Kõljalg5Jyrki Heinämäki6Ain Raal7Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaPharmacognosy Department, The National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska St., 61002 Kharkiv, UkraineState Institution “I.Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, 14-16, Pushkinskaya St., 61057 Kharkov, UkrainePharmacognosy Department, The National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska St., 61002 Kharkiv, UkraineDepartment of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaInstitute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaThe pharmaceutical industry usually utilizes either hydrophobic or hydrophilic substances extracted from raw plant materials to prepare a final product. However, the waste products from the plant material still contain biologically active components with the opposite solubility. The aim of this study was to enhance the comprehensive usability of plant materials by developing a new no-waste extraction method for eucalypt leaves and by investigating the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of eucalypt extracts and their 3D-printed dosage forms. The present extraction method enabled us to prepare both hydrophobic soft extracts and hydrophilic (aqueous) dry extracts. We identified a total of 28 terpenes in the hydrophobic soft extract. In the hydrophilic dry extract, a total of 57 substances were identified, and 26 of them were successfully isolated. The eucalypt extracts studied showed significant antimicrobial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae gravis</i>, and <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis</i>. The anti-inflammatory activity of the dry extract was studied using a formalin-induced-edema model in mice. The maximum anti-exudative effect of the dry extract was 61.5% at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Composite gels of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and eucalypt extract were developed, and the key process parameters for semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing of such gels were verified. The SSE 3D-printed preparations of novel synergistically acting eucalypt extracts could have uses in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory medicinal applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/6/754eucalypt leaves extractcomplex processingphenolicsterpenespolyethylene oxideaqueous gel |
| spellingShingle | Oleh Koshovyi Mykola Komisarenko Tatyana Osolodchenko Andrey Komissarenko Reet Mändar Siiri Kõljalg Jyrki Heinämäki Ain Raal Eucalypt Extracts Prepared by a No-Waste Method and Their 3D-Printed Dosage Forms Show Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Plants eucalypt leaves extract complex processing phenolics terpenes polyethylene oxide aqueous gel |
| title | Eucalypt Extracts Prepared by a No-Waste Method and Their 3D-Printed Dosage Forms Show Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity |
| title_full | Eucalypt Extracts Prepared by a No-Waste Method and Their 3D-Printed Dosage Forms Show Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity |
| title_fullStr | Eucalypt Extracts Prepared by a No-Waste Method and Their 3D-Printed Dosage Forms Show Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eucalypt Extracts Prepared by a No-Waste Method and Their 3D-Printed Dosage Forms Show Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity |
| title_short | Eucalypt Extracts Prepared by a No-Waste Method and Their 3D-Printed Dosage Forms Show Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity |
| title_sort | eucalypt extracts prepared by a no waste method and their 3d printed dosage forms show antimicrobial and anti inflammatory activity |
| topic | eucalypt leaves extract complex processing phenolics terpenes polyethylene oxide aqueous gel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/6/754 |
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