Role of microRNAs in Immune Regulation with Translational and Clinical Applications
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19–23 nucleotide long, evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this review, involvement of miRNAs is summarized in the differentiation and function of immune cells, in anti-infective immune responses,...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1942 |
| _version_ | 1797318604869337088 |
|---|---|
| author | Zsuzsanna Gaál |
| author_facet | Zsuzsanna Gaál |
| author_sort | Zsuzsanna Gaál |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19–23 nucleotide long, evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this review, involvement of miRNAs is summarized in the differentiation and function of immune cells, in anti-infective immune responses, immunodeficiencies and autoimmune diseases. Roles of miRNAs in anticancer immunity and in the transplantation of solid organs and hematopoietic stem cells are also discussed. Major focus is put on the translational clinical applications of miRNAs, including the establishment of noninvasive biomarkers for differential diagnosis and prediction of prognosis. Patient selection and response prediction to biological therapy is one of the most promising fields of application. Replacement or inhibition of miRNAs has enormous therapeutic potential, with constantly expanding possibilities. Although important challenges still await solutions, evaluation of miRNA fingerprints may contribute to an increasingly personalized management of immune dysregulation with a remarkable reduction in toxicity and treatment side effects. More detailed knowledge of the molecular effects of physical exercise and nutrition on the immune system may facilitate self-tailored lifestyle recommendations and advances in prevention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:54:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7c106d9929944b93b200699bbae4bea9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:54:45Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c106d9929944b93b200699bbae4bea92024-02-09T15:15:20ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-02-01253194210.3390/ijms25031942Role of microRNAs in Immune Regulation with Translational and Clinical ApplicationsZsuzsanna Gaál0Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, 4032 Debrecen, HungaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19–23 nucleotide long, evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this review, involvement of miRNAs is summarized in the differentiation and function of immune cells, in anti-infective immune responses, immunodeficiencies and autoimmune diseases. Roles of miRNAs in anticancer immunity and in the transplantation of solid organs and hematopoietic stem cells are also discussed. Major focus is put on the translational clinical applications of miRNAs, including the establishment of noninvasive biomarkers for differential diagnosis and prediction of prognosis. Patient selection and response prediction to biological therapy is one of the most promising fields of application. Replacement or inhibition of miRNAs has enormous therapeutic potential, with constantly expanding possibilities. Although important challenges still await solutions, evaluation of miRNA fingerprints may contribute to an increasingly personalized management of immune dysregulation with a remarkable reduction in toxicity and treatment side effects. More detailed knowledge of the molecular effects of physical exercise and nutrition on the immune system may facilitate self-tailored lifestyle recommendations and advances in prevention.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1942microRNAautoimmunityanticancer immunitytransplantation immunologyimmunomodulationepigenetics |
| spellingShingle | Zsuzsanna Gaál Role of microRNAs in Immune Regulation with Translational and Clinical Applications International Journal of Molecular Sciences microRNA autoimmunity anticancer immunity transplantation immunology immunomodulation epigenetics |
| title | Role of microRNAs in Immune Regulation with Translational and Clinical Applications |
| title_full | Role of microRNAs in Immune Regulation with Translational and Clinical Applications |
| title_fullStr | Role of microRNAs in Immune Regulation with Translational and Clinical Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of microRNAs in Immune Regulation with Translational and Clinical Applications |
| title_short | Role of microRNAs in Immune Regulation with Translational and Clinical Applications |
| title_sort | role of micrornas in immune regulation with translational and clinical applications |
| topic | microRNA autoimmunity anticancer immunity transplantation immunology immunomodulation epigenetics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/3/1942 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zsuzsannagaal roleofmicrornasinimmuneregulationwithtranslationalandclinicalapplications |