The Surface Roughness of Contemporary Indirect CAD/CAM Restorative Materials That Are Glazed and Chair-Side-Finished/Polished
The surface roughness (Ra) of indirect computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated dental restorations is crucial for their long-term durability. This study intended to evaluate the Ra of five different types of contemporary indirect CAD/CAM restorative materials with var...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/5/997 |
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| author | Ragad Albani Syed Rashid Habib Abdulaziz AlQahtani Abdulaziz A. AlHelal Mohammed Alrabiah Saqib Anwar |
| author_facet | Ragad Albani Syed Rashid Habib Abdulaziz AlQahtani Abdulaziz A. AlHelal Mohammed Alrabiah Saqib Anwar |
| author_sort | Ragad Albani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The surface roughness (Ra) of indirect computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated dental restorations is crucial for their long-term durability. This study intended to evaluate the Ra of five different types of contemporary indirect CAD/CAM restorative materials with varying compositions that were glazed and finished/polished. A total of 75 specimens, disc-shaped (10 mm × 2 mm), were obtained from five materials (<i>n</i> = 15) (Tetric CAD, IPS e.max CAD, IPS e.max ZirCAD, CELTRA Duo, and Vita Enamic) and fabricated by CAD/CAM. One of the two surfaces for each specimen was subjected to glazing, while the other surface was subjected to finishing/polishing. The Ra of the two surfaces in micrometers (μm) was evaluated using a Profilometer, while the surface topography was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Using SPSS, the Kruskal–Wallis, post hoc Conover, and Mann–Whitney tests were used to statistically evaluate the data. A comparison of the Ra for the finished/polished surfaces of the five test materials showed significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Among the finished/polished surfaces, the mean rank values of Vita Enamic were significantly higher than the other four test materials (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). A comparison of the Ra of glazed surfaces among the five study materials revealed significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The Ra for the IPS e.max ZirCAD material was significantly higher than the rest of the four materials (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A comparison of the Ra for two types of surface conditioning within each of the five test materials showed a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Only for IPS e.max ZirCAD was the Ra of the glazed surface significantly higher than the finished/polished surface (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Significant variations in the surface roughness (Ra) were exhibited between the finished/polished and glazed surfaces of the five test materials. Hybrid ceramics showed the highest Ra values for the finished/polished surfaces, and zirconia exhibited the highest Ra values among the glazed surfaces among the tested materials. The Ra values of either finished/polished or glazed surfaces of the test materials were within the clinically acceptable range (0.2–0.5 μm), except for the glazed surface of the zirconia ceramics (0.84 μm). |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:25:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7c235c6212bb4ecbbe7f0f266b3bb988 |
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| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:25:34Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7c235c6212bb4ecbbe7f0f266b3bb9882024-03-12T16:48:52ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442024-02-0117599710.3390/ma17050997The Surface Roughness of Contemporary Indirect CAD/CAM Restorative Materials That Are Glazed and Chair-Side-Finished/PolishedRagad Albani0Syed Rashid Habib1Abdulaziz AlQahtani2Abdulaziz A. AlHelal3Mohammed Alrabiah4Saqib Anwar5Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi ArabiaIndustrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi ArabiaThe surface roughness (Ra) of indirect computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated dental restorations is crucial for their long-term durability. This study intended to evaluate the Ra of five different types of contemporary indirect CAD/CAM restorative materials with varying compositions that were glazed and finished/polished. A total of 75 specimens, disc-shaped (10 mm × 2 mm), were obtained from five materials (<i>n</i> = 15) (Tetric CAD, IPS e.max CAD, IPS e.max ZirCAD, CELTRA Duo, and Vita Enamic) and fabricated by CAD/CAM. One of the two surfaces for each specimen was subjected to glazing, while the other surface was subjected to finishing/polishing. The Ra of the two surfaces in micrometers (μm) was evaluated using a Profilometer, while the surface topography was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Using SPSS, the Kruskal–Wallis, post hoc Conover, and Mann–Whitney tests were used to statistically evaluate the data. A comparison of the Ra for the finished/polished surfaces of the five test materials showed significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Among the finished/polished surfaces, the mean rank values of Vita Enamic were significantly higher than the other four test materials (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). A comparison of the Ra of glazed surfaces among the five study materials revealed significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The Ra for the IPS e.max ZirCAD material was significantly higher than the rest of the four materials (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A comparison of the Ra for two types of surface conditioning within each of the five test materials showed a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Only for IPS e.max ZirCAD was the Ra of the glazed surface significantly higher than the finished/polished surface (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Significant variations in the surface roughness (Ra) were exhibited between the finished/polished and glazed surfaces of the five test materials. Hybrid ceramics showed the highest Ra values for the finished/polished surfaces, and zirconia exhibited the highest Ra values among the glazed surfaces among the tested materials. The Ra values of either finished/polished or glazed surfaces of the test materials were within the clinically acceptable range (0.2–0.5 μm), except for the glazed surface of the zirconia ceramics (0.84 μm).https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/5/997surface roughnessCAD/CAMindirect restorative materialsfinishing and polishingglazingdental ceramics |
| spellingShingle | Ragad Albani Syed Rashid Habib Abdulaziz AlQahtani Abdulaziz A. AlHelal Mohammed Alrabiah Saqib Anwar The Surface Roughness of Contemporary Indirect CAD/CAM Restorative Materials That Are Glazed and Chair-Side-Finished/Polished Materials surface roughness CAD/CAM indirect restorative materials finishing and polishing glazing dental ceramics |
| title | The Surface Roughness of Contemporary Indirect CAD/CAM Restorative Materials That Are Glazed and Chair-Side-Finished/Polished |
| title_full | The Surface Roughness of Contemporary Indirect CAD/CAM Restorative Materials That Are Glazed and Chair-Side-Finished/Polished |
| title_fullStr | The Surface Roughness of Contemporary Indirect CAD/CAM Restorative Materials That Are Glazed and Chair-Side-Finished/Polished |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Surface Roughness of Contemporary Indirect CAD/CAM Restorative Materials That Are Glazed and Chair-Side-Finished/Polished |
| title_short | The Surface Roughness of Contemporary Indirect CAD/CAM Restorative Materials That Are Glazed and Chair-Side-Finished/Polished |
| title_sort | surface roughness of contemporary indirect cad cam restorative materials that are glazed and chair side finished polished |
| topic | surface roughness CAD/CAM indirect restorative materials finishing and polishing glazing dental ceramics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/5/997 |
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