Coloured filters can simulate colour deficiency in normal vision but cannot compensate for congenital colour vision deficiency
Abstract Red-green colour vision deficiency (CVD) affects ~ 4% of Caucasians. Notch filters exist to simulate CVD when worn by colour vision normal (CVN) observers (simulation tools), or to improve colour discrimination when worn by CVD observers (compensation tools). The current study assesses effe...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13877-9 |
| _version_ | 1828309093989744640 |
|---|---|
| author | Leticia Álvaro João M. M. Linhares Monika A. Formankiewicz Sarah J. Waugh |
| author_facet | Leticia Álvaro João M. M. Linhares Monika A. Formankiewicz Sarah J. Waugh |
| author_sort | Leticia Álvaro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Red-green colour vision deficiency (CVD) affects ~ 4% of Caucasians. Notch filters exist to simulate CVD when worn by colour vision normal (CVN) observers (simulation tools), or to improve colour discrimination when worn by CVD observers (compensation tools). The current study assesses effects of simulation (Variantor) and compensation (EnChroma) filters on performance in a variety of tasks. Experiments were conducted on 20 CVN and 16 CVD participants under no-filter and filter conditions (5 CVN used Variantor; 15 CVN and 16 CVD used EnChroma). Participants were tested on Ishihara and Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue tests, CVA-UMinho colour discrimination and colour naming tasks and a board-game colour-sorting task. Repeated-measures ANOVAs found Variantor filters to significantly worsen CVN performance, mimicking protanopia. Mixed-model and repeated-measures ANOVAs demonstrate that EnChroma filters do not significantly enhance performance in CVD observers. Key EnChroma results were replicated in 8 CVD children (Ishihara test) and a sub-sample of 6 CVD adults (CVA-UMinho colour discrimination and colour naming tasks) for a smaller stimulus size. Pattern similarity exists across hue for discrimination thresholds and naming errors. Variantor filters are effective at mimicking congenital colour vision defects in CVN observers for all tasks, however EnChroma filters do not significantly compensate for CVD in any. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T15:23:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7c303de1da1c4232a827e468bd8f35c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T15:23:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c303de1da1c4232a827e468bd8f35c12022-12-22T02:41:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-07-0112111910.1038/s41598-022-13877-9Coloured filters can simulate colour deficiency in normal vision but cannot compensate for congenital colour vision deficiencyLeticia Álvaro0João M. M. Linhares1Monika A. Formankiewicz2Sarah J. Waugh3Anglia Vision Research, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin UniversityPhysics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Gualtar Campus, University of MinhoAnglia Vision Research, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin UniversityAnglia Vision Research, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin UniversityAbstract Red-green colour vision deficiency (CVD) affects ~ 4% of Caucasians. Notch filters exist to simulate CVD when worn by colour vision normal (CVN) observers (simulation tools), or to improve colour discrimination when worn by CVD observers (compensation tools). The current study assesses effects of simulation (Variantor) and compensation (EnChroma) filters on performance in a variety of tasks. Experiments were conducted on 20 CVN and 16 CVD participants under no-filter and filter conditions (5 CVN used Variantor; 15 CVN and 16 CVD used EnChroma). Participants were tested on Ishihara and Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue tests, CVA-UMinho colour discrimination and colour naming tasks and a board-game colour-sorting task. Repeated-measures ANOVAs found Variantor filters to significantly worsen CVN performance, mimicking protanopia. Mixed-model and repeated-measures ANOVAs demonstrate that EnChroma filters do not significantly enhance performance in CVD observers. Key EnChroma results were replicated in 8 CVD children (Ishihara test) and a sub-sample of 6 CVD adults (CVA-UMinho colour discrimination and colour naming tasks) for a smaller stimulus size. Pattern similarity exists across hue for discrimination thresholds and naming errors. Variantor filters are effective at mimicking congenital colour vision defects in CVN observers for all tasks, however EnChroma filters do not significantly compensate for CVD in any.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13877-9 |
| spellingShingle | Leticia Álvaro João M. M. Linhares Monika A. Formankiewicz Sarah J. Waugh Coloured filters can simulate colour deficiency in normal vision but cannot compensate for congenital colour vision deficiency Scientific Reports |
| title | Coloured filters can simulate colour deficiency in normal vision but cannot compensate for congenital colour vision deficiency |
| title_full | Coloured filters can simulate colour deficiency in normal vision but cannot compensate for congenital colour vision deficiency |
| title_fullStr | Coloured filters can simulate colour deficiency in normal vision but cannot compensate for congenital colour vision deficiency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coloured filters can simulate colour deficiency in normal vision but cannot compensate for congenital colour vision deficiency |
| title_short | Coloured filters can simulate colour deficiency in normal vision but cannot compensate for congenital colour vision deficiency |
| title_sort | coloured filters can simulate colour deficiency in normal vision but cannot compensate for congenital colour vision deficiency |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13877-9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leticiaalvaro colouredfilterscansimulatecolourdeficiencyinnormalvisionbutcannotcompensateforcongenitalcolourvisiondeficiency AT joaommlinhares colouredfilterscansimulatecolourdeficiencyinnormalvisionbutcannotcompensateforcongenitalcolourvisiondeficiency AT monikaaformankiewicz colouredfilterscansimulatecolourdeficiencyinnormalvisionbutcannotcompensateforcongenitalcolourvisiondeficiency AT sarahjwaugh colouredfilterscansimulatecolourdeficiencyinnormalvisionbutcannotcompensateforcongenitalcolourvisiondeficiency |