The saga of XMRV: a virus that infects human cells but is not a human virus
Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) was discovered in 2006 in a search for a viral etiology of human prostate cancer (PC). Substantial interest in XMRV as a potentially new pathogenic human retrovirus was driven by reports that XMRV could be detected in a significant percentage of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2014-01-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1038/emi.2014.25 |
| _version_ | 1797679829309456384 |
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| author | Maribel Arias Hung Fan |
| author_facet | Maribel Arias Hung Fan |
| author_sort | Maribel Arias |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) was discovered in 2006 in a search for a viral etiology of human prostate cancer (PC). Substantial interest in XMRV as a potentially new pathogenic human retrovirus was driven by reports that XMRV could be detected in a significant percentage of PC samples, and also in tissues from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). After considerable controversy, etiologic links between XMRV and these two diseases were disproven. XMRV was determined to have arisen during passage of a human PC tumor in immunocompromised nude mice, by activation and recombination between two endogenous murine leukemia viruses from cells of the mouse. The resulting XMRV had a xentropic host range, which allowed it replicate in the human tumor cells in the xenograft. This review describes the discovery of XMRV, and the molecular and virological events leading to its formation, XMRV infection in animal models and biological effects on infected cells. Lessons from XMRV for other searches of viral etiologies of cancer are discussed, as well as cautions for researchers working on human tumors or cell lines that have been passed through nude mice, includingpotential biohazards associated with XMRV or other similar xenotropic murine leukemia viruses (MLVs). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:20:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7c35797a361844399aa8fcd4fe31e6f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:20:35Z |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c35797a361844399aa8fcd4fe31e6f32023-09-20T14:20:33ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512014-01-01311610.1038/emi.2014.25The saga of XMRV: a virus that infects human cells but is not a human virusMaribel Arias0Hung Fan1Cancer Research Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3905, USACancer Research Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3905, USAXenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) was discovered in 2006 in a search for a viral etiology of human prostate cancer (PC). Substantial interest in XMRV as a potentially new pathogenic human retrovirus was driven by reports that XMRV could be detected in a significant percentage of PC samples, and also in tissues from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). After considerable controversy, etiologic links between XMRV and these two diseases were disproven. XMRV was determined to have arisen during passage of a human PC tumor in immunocompromised nude mice, by activation and recombination between two endogenous murine leukemia viruses from cells of the mouse. The resulting XMRV had a xentropic host range, which allowed it replicate in the human tumor cells in the xenograft. This review describes the discovery of XMRV, and the molecular and virological events leading to its formation, XMRV infection in animal models and biological effects on infected cells. Lessons from XMRV for other searches of viral etiologies of cancer are discussed, as well as cautions for researchers working on human tumors or cell lines that have been passed through nude mice, includingpotential biohazards associated with XMRV or other similar xenotropic murine leukemia viruses (MLVs).https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1038/emi.2014.25chronic fatigue syndromeendogenous retrovirusmurine leukemia virusprostate cancerretrovirusXMRV |
| spellingShingle | Maribel Arias Hung Fan The saga of XMRV: a virus that infects human cells but is not a human virus Emerging Microbes and Infections chronic fatigue syndrome endogenous retrovirus murine leukemia virus prostate cancer retrovirus XMRV |
| title | The saga of XMRV: a virus that infects human cells but is not a human virus |
| title_full | The saga of XMRV: a virus that infects human cells but is not a human virus |
| title_fullStr | The saga of XMRV: a virus that infects human cells but is not a human virus |
| title_full_unstemmed | The saga of XMRV: a virus that infects human cells but is not a human virus |
| title_short | The saga of XMRV: a virus that infects human cells but is not a human virus |
| title_sort | saga of xmrv a virus that infects human cells but is not a human virus |
| topic | chronic fatigue syndrome endogenous retrovirus murine leukemia virus prostate cancer retrovirus XMRV |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1038/emi.2014.25 |
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