Immuno-virological status and its associated factors among HIV-positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at delgi primary hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2020/2021: A cross-sectional study
Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improves clinical outcomes by suppressing viral replication and allowing immune reconstitution. It also reduces HIV-related complications including morbidity, mortality, and extended hospitalizations for HIV-positive individuals. Regular asses...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022014578 |
| _version_ | 1811188025236914176 |
|---|---|
| author | Teklehaimanot Kiros Abebe Taye Lemma Workineh Tahir Eyayu Shewaneh Damtie Wasihun Hailemichael Tegenaw Tiruneh |
| author_facet | Teklehaimanot Kiros Abebe Taye Lemma Workineh Tahir Eyayu Shewaneh Damtie Wasihun Hailemichael Tegenaw Tiruneh |
| author_sort | Teklehaimanot Kiros |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improves clinical outcomes by suppressing viral replication and allowing immune reconstitution. It also reduces HIV-related complications including morbidity, mortality, and extended hospitalizations for HIV-positive individuals. Regular assessment for antiretroviral treatment response is fundamentally important to address the factors associated with the poor clinical outcome including immunologic failures among HIV-positive patients on HAART. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immuno-virological status and describe its determinants among HIV-positive patients receiving HAART at Delgi primary hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Delgi primary hospital from October 25th through June 19th 2021 among a total of 442 study participants. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to enrol participants in the study. Socio-demographic and clinically related data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. About 3–5 ml of venous blood was collected aseptically for CD4+ T cell count and viral load test. SPSS version 20 software was used for statistical analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with immuno-virologic status among HIV-positive patients on HAART. The odds ratio with 95% CI was computed to determine the strength of association. Then, a p-value < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant association. For this study, the results were presented by using frequency summary tables, and texts. Results: Among the total study participants, 283 (64%) were males and the mean age of the study participants was 37 ± 11.5. The overall immunological and virological failure among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) receiving participants was found to be 9.5% (42/442, 95%CI:3.23–15.09) and 12.2% (54/442, 95% CI: 2.81–23.04) respectively. In the multivariate analysis, study participants with age ≥50 years old [AOR = 1.97, p = 0.01, 95%CI (0.02–4.03)], participants having current viral load count greater ≥1000 copies/ml [AOR = 3.97, p = 0.03, 95%CI (1.09–5.01)] and having TB-co-infection [AOR = 2.51, p = 0.05, 95%CI (1.02–7.51)] were statistically associated with increased risk of immunological failure. Similarly, TB-coinfected participants were 1.88 (95%CI = 0.89–10.02) times at greater risk for virological failure. Conclusion: In this study, the magnitude of immuno-virological failure is alarming. This may be shown the need for integrated and substantial commitment to enhancing patient antiretroviral treatment adherence in the study area. Also, regular assessment for antiretroviral treatment response is fundamentally important to address the determinants associated with virological and immunologic failures among HIV-positive patients taking HAART. Furthermore, early initiation of HAART may be imperative to achieve favourable virological suppression and immunological reconstitution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:13:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7c363539586848568b635c1f49ee2432 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:13:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c363539586848568b635c1f49ee24322022-12-22T04:19:37ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402022-08-0188e10169Immuno-virological status and its associated factors among HIV-positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at delgi primary hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2020/2021: A cross-sectional studyTeklehaimanot Kiros0Abebe Taye1Lemma Workineh2Tahir Eyayu3Shewaneh Damtie4Wasihun Hailemichael5Tegenaw Tiruneh6Corresponding author.; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, EthiopiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, EthiopiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, EthiopiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, EthiopiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, EthiopiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, EthiopiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, EthiopiaBackground: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improves clinical outcomes by suppressing viral replication and allowing immune reconstitution. It also reduces HIV-related complications including morbidity, mortality, and extended hospitalizations for HIV-positive individuals. Regular assessment for antiretroviral treatment response is fundamentally important to address the factors associated with the poor clinical outcome including immunologic failures among HIV-positive patients on HAART. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immuno-virological status and describe its determinants among HIV-positive patients receiving HAART at Delgi primary hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Delgi primary hospital from October 25th through June 19th 2021 among a total of 442 study participants. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to enrol participants in the study. Socio-demographic and clinically related data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. About 3–5 ml of venous blood was collected aseptically for CD4+ T cell count and viral load test. SPSS version 20 software was used for statistical analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with immuno-virologic status among HIV-positive patients on HAART. The odds ratio with 95% CI was computed to determine the strength of association. Then, a p-value < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant association. For this study, the results were presented by using frequency summary tables, and texts. Results: Among the total study participants, 283 (64%) were males and the mean age of the study participants was 37 ± 11.5. The overall immunological and virological failure among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) receiving participants was found to be 9.5% (42/442, 95%CI:3.23–15.09) and 12.2% (54/442, 95% CI: 2.81–23.04) respectively. In the multivariate analysis, study participants with age ≥50 years old [AOR = 1.97, p = 0.01, 95%CI (0.02–4.03)], participants having current viral load count greater ≥1000 copies/ml [AOR = 3.97, p = 0.03, 95%CI (1.09–5.01)] and having TB-co-infection [AOR = 2.51, p = 0.05, 95%CI (1.02–7.51)] were statistically associated with increased risk of immunological failure. Similarly, TB-coinfected participants were 1.88 (95%CI = 0.89–10.02) times at greater risk for virological failure. Conclusion: In this study, the magnitude of immuno-virological failure is alarming. This may be shown the need for integrated and substantial commitment to enhancing patient antiretroviral treatment adherence in the study area. Also, regular assessment for antiretroviral treatment response is fundamentally important to address the determinants associated with virological and immunologic failures among HIV-positive patients taking HAART. Furthermore, early initiation of HAART may be imperative to achieve favourable virological suppression and immunological reconstitution.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022014578Immunological responseHIVVirological failureHAARTPredictorsCD4+ T cell count |
| spellingShingle | Teklehaimanot Kiros Abebe Taye Lemma Workineh Tahir Eyayu Shewaneh Damtie Wasihun Hailemichael Tegenaw Tiruneh Immuno-virological status and its associated factors among HIV-positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at delgi primary hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2020/2021: A cross-sectional study Heliyon Immunological response HIV Virological failure HAART Predictors CD4+ T cell count |
| title | Immuno-virological status and its associated factors among HIV-positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at delgi primary hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2020/2021: A cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Immuno-virological status and its associated factors among HIV-positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at delgi primary hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2020/2021: A cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Immuno-virological status and its associated factors among HIV-positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at delgi primary hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2020/2021: A cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immuno-virological status and its associated factors among HIV-positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at delgi primary hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2020/2021: A cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Immuno-virological status and its associated factors among HIV-positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at delgi primary hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2020/2021: A cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | immuno virological status and its associated factors among hiv positive patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at delgi primary hospital northwest ethiopia 2020 2021 a cross sectional study |
| topic | Immunological response HIV Virological failure HAART Predictors CD4+ T cell count |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022014578 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT teklehaimanotkiros immunovirologicalstatusanditsassociatedfactorsamonghivpositivepatientsreceivinghighlyactiveantiretroviraltherapyatdelgiprimaryhospitalnorthwestethiopia20202021acrosssectionalstudy AT abebetaye immunovirologicalstatusanditsassociatedfactorsamonghivpositivepatientsreceivinghighlyactiveantiretroviraltherapyatdelgiprimaryhospitalnorthwestethiopia20202021acrosssectionalstudy AT lemmaworkineh immunovirologicalstatusanditsassociatedfactorsamonghivpositivepatientsreceivinghighlyactiveantiretroviraltherapyatdelgiprimaryhospitalnorthwestethiopia20202021acrosssectionalstudy AT tahireyayu immunovirologicalstatusanditsassociatedfactorsamonghivpositivepatientsreceivinghighlyactiveantiretroviraltherapyatdelgiprimaryhospitalnorthwestethiopia20202021acrosssectionalstudy AT shewanehdamtie immunovirologicalstatusanditsassociatedfactorsamonghivpositivepatientsreceivinghighlyactiveantiretroviraltherapyatdelgiprimaryhospitalnorthwestethiopia20202021acrosssectionalstudy AT wasihunhailemichael immunovirologicalstatusanditsassociatedfactorsamonghivpositivepatientsreceivinghighlyactiveantiretroviraltherapyatdelgiprimaryhospitalnorthwestethiopia20202021acrosssectionalstudy AT tegenawtiruneh immunovirologicalstatusanditsassociatedfactorsamonghivpositivepatientsreceivinghighlyactiveantiretroviraltherapyatdelgiprimaryhospitalnorthwestethiopia20202021acrosssectionalstudy |