Identification of the Flavone-Inducible Counter-Defense Genes and Their <i>cis</i>-Elements in <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>
Flavone is widely found in plants and plays an important role in plant defense against pests. Many pests, such as <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>, use flavone as a cue to upregulate counter-defense genes for detoxification of flavone. Yet the spectrum of the flavone-inducible genes and their...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/6/365 |
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| author | Zhongyuan Deng Yuting Zhang Liying Fang Min Zhang Lixiang Wang Xinzhi Ni Xianchun Li |
| author_facet | Zhongyuan Deng Yuting Zhang Liying Fang Min Zhang Lixiang Wang Xinzhi Ni Xianchun Li |
| author_sort | Zhongyuan Deng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flavone is widely found in plants and plays an important role in plant defense against pests. Many pests, such as <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>, use flavone as a cue to upregulate counter-defense genes for detoxification of flavone. Yet the spectrum of the flavone-inducible genes and their linked <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements remains unclear. In this study, 48 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found by RNA-seq. These DEGs were mainly concentrated in the retinol metabolism and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 pathways. Further in silico analysis of the promoter regions of 24 upregulated genes predicted two motifs through MEME and five previously characterized <i>cis</i>-elements including CRE, TRE, EcRE, XRE-AhR and ARE. Functional analysis of the two predicted motifs and two different versions of ARE (named ARE1 and ARE2) in the promoter region of the flavone-inducible carboxylesterase gene <i>CCE001j</i> verified that the two motifs and ARE2 are not responsible for flavone induction of <i>H. armigera</i> counter-defense genes, whereas ARE1 is a new xenobiotic response element to flavone (XRE-Fla) and plays a decisive role in flavone induction of <i>CCE001j</i>. This study is of great significance for further understanding the antagonistic interaction between plants and herbivorous insects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:52:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7c388ce199db4c83952b033f9d7a4b5b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:52:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c388ce199db4c83952b033f9d7a4b5b2023-11-18T12:55:21ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-05-0115636510.3390/toxins15060365Identification of the Flavone-Inducible Counter-Defense Genes and Their <i>cis</i>-Elements in <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>Zhongyuan Deng0Yuting Zhang1Liying Fang2Min Zhang3Lixiang Wang4Xinzhi Ni5Xianchun Li6School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaUSDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, University of Georgia-Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USADepartment of Entomology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAFlavone is widely found in plants and plays an important role in plant defense against pests. Many pests, such as <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>, use flavone as a cue to upregulate counter-defense genes for detoxification of flavone. Yet the spectrum of the flavone-inducible genes and their linked <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements remains unclear. In this study, 48 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found by RNA-seq. These DEGs were mainly concentrated in the retinol metabolism and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 pathways. Further in silico analysis of the promoter regions of 24 upregulated genes predicted two motifs through MEME and five previously characterized <i>cis</i>-elements including CRE, TRE, EcRE, XRE-AhR and ARE. Functional analysis of the two predicted motifs and two different versions of ARE (named ARE1 and ARE2) in the promoter region of the flavone-inducible carboxylesterase gene <i>CCE001j</i> verified that the two motifs and ARE2 are not responsible for flavone induction of <i>H. armigera</i> counter-defense genes, whereas ARE1 is a new xenobiotic response element to flavone (XRE-Fla) and plays a decisive role in flavone induction of <i>CCE001j</i>. This study is of great significance for further understanding the antagonistic interaction between plants and herbivorous insects.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/6/365<i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>flavonedetoxification metabolismcarboxylesterase<i>cis</i>-transcriptional regulationARE |
| spellingShingle | Zhongyuan Deng Yuting Zhang Liying Fang Min Zhang Lixiang Wang Xinzhi Ni Xianchun Li Identification of the Flavone-Inducible Counter-Defense Genes and Their <i>cis</i>-Elements in <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> Toxins <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> flavone detoxification metabolism carboxylesterase <i>cis</i>-transcriptional regulation ARE |
| title | Identification of the Flavone-Inducible Counter-Defense Genes and Their <i>cis</i>-Elements in <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> |
| title_full | Identification of the Flavone-Inducible Counter-Defense Genes and Their <i>cis</i>-Elements in <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> |
| title_fullStr | Identification of the Flavone-Inducible Counter-Defense Genes and Their <i>cis</i>-Elements in <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of the Flavone-Inducible Counter-Defense Genes and Their <i>cis</i>-Elements in <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> |
| title_short | Identification of the Flavone-Inducible Counter-Defense Genes and Their <i>cis</i>-Elements in <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> |
| title_sort | identification of the flavone inducible counter defense genes and their i cis i elements in i helicoverpa armigera i |
| topic | <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> flavone detoxification metabolism carboxylesterase <i>cis</i>-transcriptional regulation ARE |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/6/365 |
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