Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in the United States
Background: Childhood obesity is one of the foremost threats to population health in the United States (U.S.) leading to the emergence of co-morbidities and increased healthcare cost. We explore the influence of selected social determinants of health (SDOH) on overweight and obesity among U.S. child...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Global Health and Education Projects, Inc.
2019-12-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS |
| Online Access: | https://mchandaids.org/index.php/IJMA/article/view/337 |
| _version_ | 1818787872346472448 |
|---|---|
| author | Zenab I. Yusuf, MBBS, MPH Deepa Dongarwar, MS Rafeek A Yusuf, MBBS, MPH, MS Meishon Bell, MS Toi Harris, MD Hamisu M. Salihu, MD, PhD |
| author_facet | Zenab I. Yusuf, MBBS, MPH Deepa Dongarwar, MS Rafeek A Yusuf, MBBS, MPH, MS Meishon Bell, MS Toi Harris, MD Hamisu M. Salihu, MD, PhD |
| author_sort | Zenab I. Yusuf, MBBS, MPH |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Childhood obesity is one of the foremost threats to population health in the United States (U.S.) leading to the emergence of co-morbidities and increased healthcare cost. We explore the influence of selected social determinants of health (SDOH) on overweight and obesity among U.S. children.
Methods: We utilized the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) 2016-17 dataset for this analysis. Overweight was defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) ? 85th to<95th, while obesity was defined as BMI ? 95th percentile for age and sex. Based on the literature and pathway plausibility, we examined several SDOH variables as predictors of childhood overweight or obesity in the US. Survey log-binomial regression models were built to generate prevalence ratio (PR) estimates to capture the associations between SDOH and overweight or obesity.
Results: About 30.6 million children were surveyed of which 9.5 million (31.0%) were either overweight or obese. The likelihood of obesity was elevated among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic children (PR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.01-2.31) and (PR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.18-1.90) respectively. Overweight was more frequent in younger children, children of single parents, and children who lived in a neighborhood with no amenities. Parental attainment of college education, health insurance coverage, female gender, and language spoken in home other than Spanish were protective against overweight or obesity.
Conclusions and Global Health Implications: SDOH represent markers of overweight or obesity in children. We recommend the development of innovative interventions using SDOH risk and protective pathways as guide to address the current epidemic of childhood overweight and obesity.
Key words: • Social determinants • Obesity • Overweight • SDOH • Children • United States
Copyright © 2020 Yusuf et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T14:14:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7c3cc9208bdf4709baebd14252cd83cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2161-8674 2161-864X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T14:14:40Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c3cc9208bdf4709baebd14252cd83cf2022-12-21T21:05:02ZengGlobal Health and Education Projects, Inc.International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS2161-86742161-864X2019-12-019110.21106/ijma.337Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in the United StatesZenab I. Yusuf, MBBS, MPH0Deepa Dongarwar, MS1Rafeek A Yusuf, MBBS, MPH, MSMeishon Bell, MS2Toi Harris, MD3Hamisu M. Salihu, MD, PhD4Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Houston VA Health Services Research and Development Service Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston; and VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical CenterCenter of Excellence in Health Equity, Training and Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USACenter of Excellence in Health Equity, Training and Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USAMenninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; and Center of Excellence in Health Equity, Training and Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USAFCM-Adminstartion Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of South Florida, College of Public Health Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Florida, College of Public Health Tampa, Florida, USA; and Center of Excellence in Health Equity, Training and Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USABackground: Childhood obesity is one of the foremost threats to population health in the United States (U.S.) leading to the emergence of co-morbidities and increased healthcare cost. We explore the influence of selected social determinants of health (SDOH) on overweight and obesity among U.S. children. Methods: We utilized the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) 2016-17 dataset for this analysis. Overweight was defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) ? 85th to<95th, while obesity was defined as BMI ? 95th percentile for age and sex. Based on the literature and pathway plausibility, we examined several SDOH variables as predictors of childhood overweight or obesity in the US. Survey log-binomial regression models were built to generate prevalence ratio (PR) estimates to capture the associations between SDOH and overweight or obesity. Results: About 30.6 million children were surveyed of which 9.5 million (31.0%) were either overweight or obese. The likelihood of obesity was elevated among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic children (PR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.01-2.31) and (PR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.18-1.90) respectively. Overweight was more frequent in younger children, children of single parents, and children who lived in a neighborhood with no amenities. Parental attainment of college education, health insurance coverage, female gender, and language spoken in home other than Spanish were protective against overweight or obesity. Conclusions and Global Health Implications: SDOH represent markers of overweight or obesity in children. We recommend the development of innovative interventions using SDOH risk and protective pathways as guide to address the current epidemic of childhood overweight and obesity. Key words: • Social determinants • Obesity • Overweight • SDOH • Children • United States Copyright © 2020 Yusuf et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.https://mchandaids.org/index.php/IJMA/article/view/337 |
| spellingShingle | Zenab I. Yusuf, MBBS, MPH Deepa Dongarwar, MS Rafeek A Yusuf, MBBS, MPH, MS Meishon Bell, MS Toi Harris, MD Hamisu M. Salihu, MD, PhD Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in the United States International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS |
| title | Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in the United States |
| title_full | Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in the United States |
| title_fullStr | Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in the United States |
| title_full_unstemmed | Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in the United States |
| title_short | Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in the United States |
| title_sort | social determinants of overweight and obesity among children in the united states |
| url | https://mchandaids.org/index.php/IJMA/article/view/337 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zenabiyusufmbbsmph socialdeterminantsofoverweightandobesityamongchildrenintheunitedstates AT deepadongarwarms socialdeterminantsofoverweightandobesityamongchildrenintheunitedstates AT rafeekayusufmbbsmphms socialdeterminantsofoverweightandobesityamongchildrenintheunitedstates AT meishonbellms socialdeterminantsofoverweightandobesityamongchildrenintheunitedstates AT toiharrismd socialdeterminantsofoverweightandobesityamongchildrenintheunitedstates AT hamisumsalihumdphd socialdeterminantsofoverweightandobesityamongchildrenintheunitedstates |