Characteristics of Snow Particle Size Distribution in the PyeongChang Region of South Korea
Snow particle size distribution (PSD) information is important in understanding the microphysics and quantitative precipitation estimation over complex terrain. Measurement and interpretation of the snow PSDs is a topic of active research. This study investigates snow PSDs during 3 year of observati...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/10/1093 |
| _version_ | 1827704431929458688 |
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| author | Tiantian Yu V. Chandrasekar Hui Xiao Shashank S. Joshil |
| author_facet | Tiantian Yu V. Chandrasekar Hui Xiao Shashank S. Joshil |
| author_sort | Tiantian Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Snow particle size distribution (PSD) information is important in understanding the microphysics and quantitative precipitation estimation over complex terrain. Measurement and interpretation of the snow PSDs is a topic of active research. This study investigates snow PSDs during 3 year of observations from Parsivel<sup>2</sup> disdrometers and precipitation imaging packages (PIP) at five different sites in the PyeongChang region of South Korea. Variabilities in the values of the density of snow (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>ρ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>), snowfall rate (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>S</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>), and ice water content (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) are studied. To further understand the characteristics of snow PSD at different density and snowfall rate, the snow particle size distribution measurements are divided into six classes based on the density values of snowfall and five classes based on snowfall rates. The mean shape factors (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>w</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>) of normalized gamma distribution are also derived based on different density and snowfall rate classes. The <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> decreases and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>w</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <i>μ</i> increase as the density increases. The <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>w</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> increase and <i>μ</i> decreases with the increase of snowfall rate. The power-law relationship between <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>ρ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is obtained and the relationship between <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>S</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is also derived. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:39:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7c49cdc399884872a0c6a4b691d671b3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:39:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c49cdc399884872a0c6a4b691d671b32023-11-20T16:56:03ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332020-10-011110109310.3390/atmos11101093Characteristics of Snow Particle Size Distribution in the PyeongChang Region of South KoreaTiantian Yu0V. Chandrasekar1Hui Xiao2Shashank S. Joshil3Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaColorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaColorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USASnow particle size distribution (PSD) information is important in understanding the microphysics and quantitative precipitation estimation over complex terrain. Measurement and interpretation of the snow PSDs is a topic of active research. This study investigates snow PSDs during 3 year of observations from Parsivel<sup>2</sup> disdrometers and precipitation imaging packages (PIP) at five different sites in the PyeongChang region of South Korea. Variabilities in the values of the density of snow (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>ρ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>), snowfall rate (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>S</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>), and ice water content (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) are studied. To further understand the characteristics of snow PSD at different density and snowfall rate, the snow particle size distribution measurements are divided into six classes based on the density values of snowfall and five classes based on snowfall rates. The mean shape factors (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>w</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>) of normalized gamma distribution are also derived based on different density and snowfall rate classes. The <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> decreases and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>w</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <i>μ</i> increase as the density increases. The <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>w</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> increase and <i>μ</i> decreases with the increase of snowfall rate. The power-law relationship between <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>ρ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is obtained and the relationship between <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mi>S</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> is also derived.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/10/1093snow PSDdensitysnowfall ratepower-law relationship |
| spellingShingle | Tiantian Yu V. Chandrasekar Hui Xiao Shashank S. Joshil Characteristics of Snow Particle Size Distribution in the PyeongChang Region of South Korea Atmosphere snow PSD density snowfall rate power-law relationship |
| title | Characteristics of Snow Particle Size Distribution in the PyeongChang Region of South Korea |
| title_full | Characteristics of Snow Particle Size Distribution in the PyeongChang Region of South Korea |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of Snow Particle Size Distribution in the PyeongChang Region of South Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of Snow Particle Size Distribution in the PyeongChang Region of South Korea |
| title_short | Characteristics of Snow Particle Size Distribution in the PyeongChang Region of South Korea |
| title_sort | characteristics of snow particle size distribution in the pyeongchang region of south korea |
| topic | snow PSD density snowfall rate power-law relationship |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/10/1093 |
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