| Summary: | This study aimed to evaluate the endometrial angiogenesis of pregnant commercial line and Piau gilts during early pregnancy. We used 27 gilts, divided into three groups according to the type of mating: Commercial (<i>n</i> = 9), commercial line females mated with commercial line males; Cross-mated (<i>n</i> = 9), Piau females mated with commercial line males; and Piau (<i>n</i> = 9), Piau females mated with Piau males. Each group was divided into three subgroups based on gestational age at the time of slaughter (7, 15, and 30 days of pregnancy). Immediately after slaughter, endometrial samples were obtained for histological evaluation and for analysis of the relative transcript abundance (RTA) of angiogenesis-related genes (<i>HIF1α, FGF9, ANG1, TEK, VEGFA, ANGPT1</i>, and <i>ANGPT2</i>). The number of endometrial glands was similar among groups but decreased with gestational age (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Piau females showed a higher number of blood vessels (<i>p</i> < 0.05) at 7 and 15 days of pregnancy, but no differences were observed among groups at 30 days, suggesting an influence of the male genotype on the pattern of uterine vascularization. There were no differences among groups for RTA of the <i>FGF9, HIF1α, TEK, VEGFA, ANGPT1</i>, and <i>ANGPT2</i> genes. The <i>HIF1α</i>-gene RTA was higher at 7 and 15 days of pregnancy; for <i>TEK</i> and <i>ANGPT1</i>, the RTA was higher at 15 days of pregnancy; and the RTA of <i>VEGFA</i> and <i>ANGPT2</i> genes were higher at 30 days of pregnancy. The <i>ANG1</i> RTA was similar for pregnancies in the commercial and Piau groups but was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) at 15 days in the Cross-mated group, suggesting an interaction between genotypes. Overall, the pattern found for the RTA of angiogenesis-related genes was similar among the groups in this study, although some phenotypic differences could be noted, such as the highest number of blood vessels being found during early pregnancy of Piau gilts. The results of the gene RTA when crossed with phenotypic data led to conclusions that are conflicting with those reported in the literature. However, noteworthy is that angiogenesis is a complex process in which the balance between stimulatory and inhibitory factors may be related to time.
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