Functional Analyses of a Small Secreted Cysteine-Rich Protein ThSCSP_14 in <i>Tilletia horrida</i>
<i>Tilletia horrida</i> is a biotrophic basidiomycete fungus that causes rice kernel smut, one of the most significant diseases in hybrid rice-growing areas worldwide. Little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms and functions of effectors in <i>T. horrida</i>. Here, we pe...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/23/15042 |
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| author | Xinyue Shu Deze Xu Yuqi Jiang Juan Liang Ting Xiang Yuxuan Wang Weike Zhang Xue Han Chunhai Jiao Aiping Zheng Ping Li Desuo Yin Aijun Wang |
| author_facet | Xinyue Shu Deze Xu Yuqi Jiang Juan Liang Ting Xiang Yuxuan Wang Weike Zhang Xue Han Chunhai Jiao Aiping Zheng Ping Li Desuo Yin Aijun Wang |
| author_sort | Xinyue Shu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Tilletia horrida</i> is a biotrophic basidiomycete fungus that causes rice kernel smut, one of the most significant diseases in hybrid rice-growing areas worldwide. Little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms and functions of effectors in <i>T. horrida</i>. Here, we performed functional studies of the effectors in <i>T. horrida</i> and found that, of six putative effectors tested, only ThSCSP_14 caused the cell death phenotype in epidermal cells of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> leaves. ThSCSP_14 was upregulated early on during the infection process, and the encoded protein was secreted. The predicted signal peptide (SP) of ThSCSP_14 was required for its ability to induce the necrosis phenotype. Furthermore, the ability of ThSCSP_14 to trigger cell death in <i>N. benthamiana</i> depended on suppressing the G2 allele of Skp1 (SGT1), required for Mla12 resistance (RAR1), heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90), and somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (SERK3). It is important to note that ThSCSP_14 induced a plant defense response in <i>N. benthamiana</i> leaves. Hence, these results demonstrate that ThSCSP_14 is a possible effector that plays an essential role in <i>T. horrida</i>–host interactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:45:32Z |
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| id | doaj.art-7c5096c1900e44d1a0c04b34b702cf8a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:45:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c5096c1900e44d1a0c04b34b702cf8a2023-11-24T11:12:12ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-11-0123231504210.3390/ijms232315042Functional Analyses of a Small Secreted Cysteine-Rich Protein ThSCSP_14 in <i>Tilletia horrida</i>Xinyue Shu0Deze Xu1Yuqi Jiang2Juan Liang3Ting Xiang4Yuxuan Wang5Weike Zhang6Xue Han7Chunhai Jiao8Aiping Zheng9Ping Li10Desuo Yin11Aijun Wang12College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaFood Crop Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430064, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaFood Crop Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430064, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaRice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaFood Crop Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430064, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China<i>Tilletia horrida</i> is a biotrophic basidiomycete fungus that causes rice kernel smut, one of the most significant diseases in hybrid rice-growing areas worldwide. Little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms and functions of effectors in <i>T. horrida</i>. Here, we performed functional studies of the effectors in <i>T. horrida</i> and found that, of six putative effectors tested, only ThSCSP_14 caused the cell death phenotype in epidermal cells of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> leaves. ThSCSP_14 was upregulated early on during the infection process, and the encoded protein was secreted. The predicted signal peptide (SP) of ThSCSP_14 was required for its ability to induce the necrosis phenotype. Furthermore, the ability of ThSCSP_14 to trigger cell death in <i>N. benthamiana</i> depended on suppressing the G2 allele of Skp1 (SGT1), required for Mla12 resistance (RAR1), heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90), and somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (SERK3). It is important to note that ThSCSP_14 induced a plant defense response in <i>N. benthamiana</i> leaves. Hence, these results demonstrate that ThSCSP_14 is a possible effector that plays an essential role in <i>T. horrida</i>–host interactions.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/23/15042rice<i>Tilletia horrida</i>effectorcell deathimmune response |
| spellingShingle | Xinyue Shu Deze Xu Yuqi Jiang Juan Liang Ting Xiang Yuxuan Wang Weike Zhang Xue Han Chunhai Jiao Aiping Zheng Ping Li Desuo Yin Aijun Wang Functional Analyses of a Small Secreted Cysteine-Rich Protein ThSCSP_14 in <i>Tilletia horrida</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences rice <i>Tilletia horrida</i> effector cell death immune response |
| title | Functional Analyses of a Small Secreted Cysteine-Rich Protein ThSCSP_14 in <i>Tilletia horrida</i> |
| title_full | Functional Analyses of a Small Secreted Cysteine-Rich Protein ThSCSP_14 in <i>Tilletia horrida</i> |
| title_fullStr | Functional Analyses of a Small Secreted Cysteine-Rich Protein ThSCSP_14 in <i>Tilletia horrida</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional Analyses of a Small Secreted Cysteine-Rich Protein ThSCSP_14 in <i>Tilletia horrida</i> |
| title_short | Functional Analyses of a Small Secreted Cysteine-Rich Protein ThSCSP_14 in <i>Tilletia horrida</i> |
| title_sort | functional analyses of a small secreted cysteine rich protein thscsp 14 in i tilletia horrida i |
| topic | rice <i>Tilletia horrida</i> effector cell death immune response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/23/15042 |
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