Gibberellic Acid and Silicon Ameliorate NaCl Toxicity in <i>Brassica juncea:</i> Possible Involvement of Antioxidant System and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle
This work was carried out to observe the combined impact of exogenous applications of Gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) and Silicon (Si) on <i>Brassica juncea</i> under salt (NaCl) stress. Application of GA<sub>3</sub> and Si enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activi...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1210 |
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| author | Pravej Alam Thamer Al Balawi Sami Ullah Qadir Parvaiz Ahmad |
| author_facet | Pravej Alam Thamer Al Balawi Sami Ullah Qadir Parvaiz Ahmad |
| author_sort | Pravej Alam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work was carried out to observe the combined impact of exogenous applications of Gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) and Silicon (Si) on <i>Brassica juncea</i> under salt (NaCl) stress. Application of GA<sub>3</sub> and Si enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of (APX, CAT, GR, SOD) in <i>B. juncea</i> seedlings under NaCl toxicity. The exogenous Si application decreased Na<sup>+</sup> uptake and enhanced the K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> in salt stressed <i>B. juncea</i>. Moreover, chlorophyll-<i>a</i> (<i>Chl-a</i>), Chlorophyll-<i>b</i> (<i>Chl-b</i>), total chlorophyll (<i>T-Chl</i>), carotenoids and relative water content (RWC) in the leaves declined under salt stress, which were ameorialated after GA<sub>3</sub> and Si supplementation individually and in combination. Further, the introduction of Si to NaCl treated <i>B. juncea</i> help in alleviating the negative effects of NaCl toxicity on biomass and biochemical activities. The levels of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) increase significantly with NaCl treatments, subsequently resulting in enhanced peroxidation of membrane lipids (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL). The reduced levels of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and enhanced antioxidantactivities in Si and GA<sub>3</sub> supplemented plants demonstrated the stress mitigating efficiency. In conclusion, it was observed that Si and GA<sub>3</sub> application alleviated NaCl toxicity in <i>B. juncea</i> plants through enhanced production of different osmolytes and an antioxidant defence mechanism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:01:18Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:01:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c6438dfb4554e13be307e3c16ae53a82023-11-17T13:20:39ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-03-01126121010.3390/plants12061210Gibberellic Acid and Silicon Ameliorate NaCl Toxicity in <i>Brassica juncea:</i> Possible Involvement of Antioxidant System and Ascorbate-Glutathione CyclePravej Alam0Thamer Al Balawi1Sami Ullah Qadir2Parvaiz Ahmad3Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Environmental Sciences Government, College for Women, Udhampur 182101, IndiaDepartment of Botany, Government Degree College, Jammu and Kashmir, Pulwama 192301, IndiaThis work was carried out to observe the combined impact of exogenous applications of Gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) and Silicon (Si) on <i>Brassica juncea</i> under salt (NaCl) stress. Application of GA<sub>3</sub> and Si enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of (APX, CAT, GR, SOD) in <i>B. juncea</i> seedlings under NaCl toxicity. The exogenous Si application decreased Na<sup>+</sup> uptake and enhanced the K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> in salt stressed <i>B. juncea</i>. Moreover, chlorophyll-<i>a</i> (<i>Chl-a</i>), Chlorophyll-<i>b</i> (<i>Chl-b</i>), total chlorophyll (<i>T-Chl</i>), carotenoids and relative water content (RWC) in the leaves declined under salt stress, which were ameorialated after GA<sub>3</sub> and Si supplementation individually and in combination. Further, the introduction of Si to NaCl treated <i>B. juncea</i> help in alleviating the negative effects of NaCl toxicity on biomass and biochemical activities. The levels of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) increase significantly with NaCl treatments, subsequently resulting in enhanced peroxidation of membrane lipids (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL). The reduced levels of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and enhanced antioxidantactivities in Si and GA<sub>3</sub> supplemented plants demonstrated the stress mitigating efficiency. In conclusion, it was observed that Si and GA<sub>3</sub> application alleviated NaCl toxicity in <i>B. juncea</i> plants through enhanced production of different osmolytes and an antioxidant defence mechanism.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1210gibberellic acidsiliconsalinitystress<i>B. juncea</i>antioxidants |
| spellingShingle | Pravej Alam Thamer Al Balawi Sami Ullah Qadir Parvaiz Ahmad Gibberellic Acid and Silicon Ameliorate NaCl Toxicity in <i>Brassica juncea:</i> Possible Involvement of Antioxidant System and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle Plants gibberellic acid silicon salinity stress <i>B. juncea</i> antioxidants |
| title | Gibberellic Acid and Silicon Ameliorate NaCl Toxicity in <i>Brassica juncea:</i> Possible Involvement of Antioxidant System and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle |
| title_full | Gibberellic Acid and Silicon Ameliorate NaCl Toxicity in <i>Brassica juncea:</i> Possible Involvement of Antioxidant System and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle |
| title_fullStr | Gibberellic Acid and Silicon Ameliorate NaCl Toxicity in <i>Brassica juncea:</i> Possible Involvement of Antioxidant System and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gibberellic Acid and Silicon Ameliorate NaCl Toxicity in <i>Brassica juncea:</i> Possible Involvement of Antioxidant System and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle |
| title_short | Gibberellic Acid and Silicon Ameliorate NaCl Toxicity in <i>Brassica juncea:</i> Possible Involvement of Antioxidant System and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle |
| title_sort | gibberellic acid and silicon ameliorate nacl toxicity in i brassica juncea i possible involvement of antioxidant system and ascorbate glutathione cycle |
| topic | gibberellic acid silicon salinity stress <i>B. juncea</i> antioxidants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1210 |
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