A Low-Cost AI Buoy System for Monitoring Water Quality at Offshore Aquaculture Cages
The ocean resources have been rapidly depleted in the recent decade, and the complementary role of aquaculture to food security has become more critical than ever before. Water quality is one of the key factors in determining the success of aquaculture and real-time water quality monitoring is an im...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4078 |
| _version_ | 1797491691716870144 |
|---|---|
| author | Hoang-Yang Lu Chih-Yung Cheng Shyi-Chyi Cheng Yu-Hao Cheng Wen-Chen Lo Wei-Lin Jiang Fan-Hua Nan Shun-Hsyung Chang Naomi A. Ubina |
| author_facet | Hoang-Yang Lu Chih-Yung Cheng Shyi-Chyi Cheng Yu-Hao Cheng Wen-Chen Lo Wei-Lin Jiang Fan-Hua Nan Shun-Hsyung Chang Naomi A. Ubina |
| author_sort | Hoang-Yang Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ocean resources have been rapidly depleted in the recent decade, and the complementary role of aquaculture to food security has become more critical than ever before. Water quality is one of the key factors in determining the success of aquaculture and real-time water quality monitoring is an important process for aquaculture. This paper proposes a low-cost and easy-to-build artificial intelligence (AI) buoy system that autonomously measures the related water quality data and instantly forwards them via wireless channels to the shore server. Furthermore, the data provide aquaculture staff with real-time water quality information and also assists server-side AI programs in implementing machine learning techniques to further provide short-term water quality predictions. In particular, we aim to provide a low-cost design by combining simple electronic devices and server-side AI programs for the proposed buoy system to measure water velocity. As a result, the cost for the practical implementation is approximately USD 2015 only to facilitate the proposed AI buoy system to measure the real-time data of dissolved oxygen, salinity, water temperature, and velocity. In addition, the AI buoy system also offers short-term estimations of water temperature and velocity, with mean square errors of 0.021 °C and 0.92 cm/s, respectively. Furthermore, we replaced the use of expensive current meters with a flow sensor tube of only USD 100 to measure water velocity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:52:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7c7522bbcf8b4341a5755dd60dbb676c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:52:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-7c7522bbcf8b4341a5755dd60dbb676c2023-11-23T14:48:18ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-05-012211407810.3390/s22114078A Low-Cost AI Buoy System for Monitoring Water Quality at Offshore Aquaculture CagesHoang-Yang Lu0Chih-Yung Cheng1Shyi-Chyi Cheng2Yu-Hao Cheng3Wen-Chen Lo4Wei-Lin Jiang5Fan-Hua Nan6Shun-Hsyung Chang7Naomi A. Ubina8Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, TaiwanDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, TaiwanDepartment of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, TaiwanDepartment of Microelectronics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and and Technology, Kaohsiung 811213, TaiwanDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, TaiwanThe ocean resources have been rapidly depleted in the recent decade, and the complementary role of aquaculture to food security has become more critical than ever before. Water quality is one of the key factors in determining the success of aquaculture and real-time water quality monitoring is an important process for aquaculture. This paper proposes a low-cost and easy-to-build artificial intelligence (AI) buoy system that autonomously measures the related water quality data and instantly forwards them via wireless channels to the shore server. Furthermore, the data provide aquaculture staff with real-time water quality information and also assists server-side AI programs in implementing machine learning techniques to further provide short-term water quality predictions. In particular, we aim to provide a low-cost design by combining simple electronic devices and server-side AI programs for the proposed buoy system to measure water velocity. As a result, the cost for the practical implementation is approximately USD 2015 only to facilitate the proposed AI buoy system to measure the real-time data of dissolved oxygen, salinity, water temperature, and velocity. In addition, the AI buoy system also offers short-term estimations of water temperature and velocity, with mean square errors of 0.021 °C and 0.92 cm/s, respectively. Furthermore, we replaced the use of expensive current meters with a flow sensor tube of only USD 100 to measure water velocity.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4078artificial intelligenceoffshore aquaculturewireless communicationsmachine learningwater quality |
| spellingShingle | Hoang-Yang Lu Chih-Yung Cheng Shyi-Chyi Cheng Yu-Hao Cheng Wen-Chen Lo Wei-Lin Jiang Fan-Hua Nan Shun-Hsyung Chang Naomi A. Ubina A Low-Cost AI Buoy System for Monitoring Water Quality at Offshore Aquaculture Cages Sensors artificial intelligence offshore aquaculture wireless communications machine learning water quality |
| title | A Low-Cost AI Buoy System for Monitoring Water Quality at Offshore Aquaculture Cages |
| title_full | A Low-Cost AI Buoy System for Monitoring Water Quality at Offshore Aquaculture Cages |
| title_fullStr | A Low-Cost AI Buoy System for Monitoring Water Quality at Offshore Aquaculture Cages |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Low-Cost AI Buoy System for Monitoring Water Quality at Offshore Aquaculture Cages |
| title_short | A Low-Cost AI Buoy System for Monitoring Water Quality at Offshore Aquaculture Cages |
| title_sort | low cost ai buoy system for monitoring water quality at offshore aquaculture cages |
| topic | artificial intelligence offshore aquaculture wireless communications machine learning water quality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4078 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hoangyanglu alowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT chihyungcheng alowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT shyichyicheng alowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT yuhaocheng alowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT wenchenlo alowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT weilinjiang alowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT fanhuanan alowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT shunhsyungchang alowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT naomiaubina alowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT hoangyanglu lowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT chihyungcheng lowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT shyichyicheng lowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT yuhaocheng lowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT wenchenlo lowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT weilinjiang lowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT fanhuanan lowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT shunhsyungchang lowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages AT naomiaubina lowcostaibuoysystemformonitoringwaterqualityatoffshoreaquaculturecages |